A: Wannan tambaya ce da yawancin masana'antun ke son yi, kuma ba shakka amsar da aka fi sani ita ce "saboda ka'idojin aminci ya tsara ta."Idan za ku iya fahimtar zurfin ƙa'idodin aminci na lantarki, za ku sami alhakin da ke bayansa.tare da ma'ana.Kodayake gwajin amincin lantarki yana ɗaukar ɗan lokaci kaɗan akan layin samarwa, yana ba ku damar rage haɗarin sake yin amfani da samfur saboda haɗarin lantarki.Samun shi daidai a karon farko ita ce hanya madaidaiciya don rage farashi da kuma kula da kyakkyawar niyya.
A: Gwajin lalacewar wutar lantarki ya kasu galibi zuwa nau'ikan nau'ikan hudu masu zuwa: Dielectric Juriya / Gwajin Hipot: Gwajin jurewar ƙarfin lantarki yana amfani da babban ƙarfin lantarki zuwa ma'aunin wutar lantarki da ƙasa na samfurin kuma yana auna yanayin rushewar sa.Gwajin Juriya na Warewa: Auna yanayin rufin lantarki na samfurin.Gwajin Leaka na Yanzu: Gano ko ruwan ɗigon wutar lantarki na AC/DC zuwa tashar ƙasa ya wuce ma'auni.Ƙaƙƙarfan Kariya: Gwada ko tsarin karfen da za a iya isa ya yi ƙasa yadda ya kamata.
A: Don amincin masu gwajin a masana'anta ko dakunan gwaje-gwaje, an yi shi a Turai shekaru da yawa.Ko masana'anta da masu gwada kayan lantarki, samfuran fasahar bayanai, na'urorin gida, kayan aikin injiniya ko wasu kayan aiki, a cikin ƙa'idodin aminci daban-daban Akwai surori a cikin ƙa'idodin, ko UL, IEC, EN, waɗanda suka haɗa da alamar gwaji (ma'aikata) wuri, wurin kayan aiki, wurin DUT), alamar kayan aiki (alamar alama "haɗari" ko abubuwan da ke ƙarƙashin gwaji) , yanayin ƙasa na benci na kayan aiki da sauran wuraren da ke da alaƙa, da iyawar wutar lantarki na kowane kayan gwaji (IEC 61010).
A: Juyawa gwajin ƙarfin lantarki ko gwajin ƙarfin lantarki mai girma (gwajin HIPOT) shine ma'aunin 100% da ake amfani dashi don tabbatar da ingancin samfuran aminci da lantarki na samfuran (kamar waɗanda JSI, CSA, BSI, UL, IEC, TUV, da dai sauransu na duniya ke buƙata. hukumomin tsaro) Hakanan shine mafi sanannun kuma akai-akai ana yin gwajin lafiyar layin samarwa.Gwajin HIPOT gwajin da ba zai lalata ba don sanin cewa kayan da ke hana wutan lantarki suna da isassun juriya ga manyan wutar lantarki na wucin gadi, kuma gwaji ne mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi wanda ya dace da duk kayan aiki don tabbatar da cewa kayan da aka rufe sun isa.Wasu dalilai na yin gwajin HIPOT shine cewa zai iya gano lahani mai yuwuwa kamar rashin isassun nisa da keɓancewa da aka haifar yayin aikin masana'anta.
A: A al'ada, da ƙarfin lantarki waveform a cikin wani iko tsarin ne sine kalaman.A lokacin da tsarin wutar lantarki ke gudana, sakamakon fadowar walƙiya, aiki, kurakurai ko daidaita ma'aunin da bai dace da na'urorin lantarki ba, kwatsam ƙarfin lantarkin wasu sassan na'urar ya tashi kuma ya zarce ƙarfin ƙarfin da aka ƙididdige shi, wanda ya yi yawa.Za a iya raba yawan karfin wutar lantarki zuwa kashi biyu bisa ga dalilansa.Ɗayan shi ne ƙarfin ƙarfin da ya faru ta hanyar yajin walƙiya kai tsaye ko shigar da walƙiya, wanda ake kira overvoltage na waje.Girman ƙarfin walƙiya na halin yanzu da ƙarfin motsa jiki suna da girma, kuma tsawon lokacin ɗan gajeren lokaci ne, wanda ke da matuƙar ɓarna.Duk da haka, saboda layukan da ke sama da 3-10kV da ƙasa a cikin garuruwa da masana'antu na masana'antu na yau da kullun suna da kariya ta wurin bita ko dogayen gine-gine, yuwuwar walƙiya kai tsaye ya yi ƙanƙanta, wanda ke da aminci.Bugu da ƙari, abin da aka tattauna a nan shi ne na'urorin lantarki na gida, waɗanda ba su cikin iyakar da aka ambata a sama, kuma ba za a yi magana ba.Wani nau'in kuma yana faruwa ne ta hanyar canjin makamashi ko canje-canje a cikin tsarin wutar lantarki, kamar dacewa da layin babu kaya, yanke na'ura mai ɗaukar nauyi, da ƙasan baka guda ɗaya a cikin tsarin, wanda ake kira overvoltage.Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na ciki shine babban tushe don ƙayyade matakin rufewa na al'ada na kayan lantarki daban-daban a cikin tsarin wutar lantarki.Wato, ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar samfurin ya kamata tayi la'akari ba kawai ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki ba har ma da haɓakar ciki na yanayin amfani da samfur.Gwajin juriya na ƙarfin lantarki shine don gano ko tsarin rufin samfurin zai iya jure yawan ƙarfin ciki na tsarin wutar lantarki.
A: Yawanci gwajin jurewar wutar AC ya fi karɓuwa ga hukumomin tsaro fiye da gwajin ƙarfin ƙarfin DC.Babban dalilin shine yawancin abubuwan da ake gwadawa zasu yi aiki a ƙarƙashin wutar lantarki na AC, kuma gwajin ƙarfin ƙarfin AC yana ba da fa'idar canza polarities guda biyu don ƙarfafa rufin, wanda ya fi kusa da damuwa da samfurin zai gamu da shi a ainihin amfani.Tun da gwajin AC ba ya cajin nauyin capacitive, karatun na yanzu ya kasance iri ɗaya daga farkon aikace-aikacen wutar lantarki zuwa ƙarshen gwajin.Sabili da haka, babu buƙatar haɓaka ƙarfin lantarki tunda babu wasu batutuwan daidaitawa da ake buƙata don saka idanu akan karatun yanzu.Wannan yana nufin cewa sai dai idan samfurin da ke ƙarƙashin gwaji ya ga ƙarfin lantarki da aka yi ba zato ba tsammani, mai aiki zai iya amfani da cikakken ƙarfin lantarki nan da nan kuma ya karanta halin yanzu ba tare da jira ba.Tunda wutar lantarki AC baya cajin kaya, babu buƙatar fitar da na'urar a ƙarƙashin gwaji bayan gwajin.
A: Lokacin gwada kayan aiki mai ƙarfi, jimlar halin yanzu ta ƙunshi raƙuman amsawa da kwararar ruwa.Lokacin da adadin ƙarfin halin yanzu ya fi girma fiye da na gaskiya na halin yanzu, yana iya zama da wahala a gano samfuran da ke da ɗigogi mai yawa.Lokacin gwada manyan kayan aiki masu ƙarfi, jimillar halin yanzu da ake buƙata ya fi girma na halin yanzu da kanta.Wannan na iya zama haɗari mafi girma yayin da aka fallasa mai aiki zuwa manyan igiyoyin ruwa
A: Lokacin da na'urar da ke ƙarƙashin gwaji (DUT) ta cika caji, ɗigogi na gaskiya kawai na gudana.Wannan yana ba da damar DC Hipot Tester don nuna a sarari ainihin yayyowar samfurin da ake gwadawa.Saboda cajin halin yanzu yana da ɗan gajeren lokaci, abubuwan da ake buƙata na wutar lantarki na mai jure wutar lantarki na DC sau da yawa na iya zama ƙasa da na na'urar gwajin ƙarfin AC da ake amfani da ita don gwada samfur iri ɗaya.
A: Tun da gwajin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na DC yana cajin DUT, don kawar da haɗarin girgizar wutar lantarki ga mai aiki da ke sarrafa DUT bayan gwajin ƙarfin juriya, dole ne a fitar da DUT bayan gwajin.Gwajin DC yana cajin capacitor.Idan DUT a zahiri yana amfani da ikon AC, hanyar DC ba ta kwaikwayi ainihin halin da ake ciki.
A: Akwai nau'i biyu na jure irin ƙarfin lantarki gwaje-gwaje: AC jure irin ƙarfin lantarki gwajin da DC jure irin ƙarfin lantarki gwajin.Saboda halaye na kayan rufewa, hanyoyin rushewar wutar lantarki na AC da DC sun bambanta.Yawancin kayan rufe fuska da tsarin sun ƙunshi kewayon kafofin watsa labarai daban-daban.Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin gwajin AC akansa, za a rarraba wutar lantarki daidai da sigogi kamar madaidaicin dielectric da girman kayan.Ganin cewa wutar lantarki na DC kawai ke rarraba wutar lantarki daidai da juriya na kayan.Kuma a haƙiƙanin gaskiya, rushewar tsarin insulating yana faruwa ne ta hanyar lalacewa ta hanyar lantarki, rushewar zafin jiki, fitarwa da sauran nau'ikan a lokaci guda, kuma yana da wahala a raba su gaba ɗaya.Kuma AC ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara yuwuwar rushewar thermal akan wutar lantarki ta DC.Don haka, mun yi imanin cewa gwajin ƙarfin ƙarfin AC ya fi ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin DC.A cikin aiki na ainihi, lokacin da ake yin gwajin juriya, idan ana amfani da DC don gwajin juriya, ana buƙatar ƙarfin gwajin ya zama mafi girma fiye da ƙarfin gwaji na mitar wutar AC.Ana ninka ƙarfin gwajin ƙarfin gwajin ƙarfin jurewar DC na gaba ɗaya ta K ta ingantacciyar ƙimar ƙarfin gwajin AC.Ta hanyar gwaje-gwajen kwatankwacin, muna da sakamako masu zuwa: don samfuran waya da na USB, kullun K shine 3;don masana'antar sufurin jiragen sama, kullun K shine 1.6 zuwa 1.7;CSA gabaɗaya yana amfani da 1.414 don samfuran farar hula.
A: Gwajin gwajin da ke ƙayyade gwajin jurewar wutar lantarki ya dogara da kasuwar da za a saka samfurin ku, kuma dole ne ku bi ƙa'idodin aminci ko ƙa'idodi waɗanda ke cikin ƙa'idodin sarrafa shigo da kaya na ƙasar.An ƙayyade ƙarfin gwajin gwajin da lokacin gwajin juriya a cikin ma'aunin aminci.Yanayin da ya dace shine tambayar abokin cinikin ku ya ba ku buƙatun gwaji masu dacewa.Gwajin gwajin juriya na gaba ɗaya shine kamar haka: idan ƙarfin aiki yana tsakanin 42V da 1000V, ƙarfin gwajin ya ninka ƙarfin aiki da 1000V.Ana amfani da wannan ƙarfin gwajin na minti 1.Misali, don samfurin da ke aiki a 230V, ƙarfin gwajin shine 1460V.Idan an gajarta lokacin aikace-aikacen wutar lantarki, dole ne a ƙara ƙarfin gwajin.Misali, yanayin gwajin layin samarwa a cikin UL 935:
| yanayi | Lokacin aikace-aikacen (dakika) | amfani da ƙarfin lantarki |
| A | 60 | 1000V + (2 x V) |
| B | 1 | 1200V + (2.4 x V) |
| V=mafi girman ƙarfin lantarki | ||
A: Ƙarfin Hipot Tester yana nufin fitowar wutar lantarki.Ƙarfin ƙarfin jurewar wutar lantarki ana ƙaddara ta mafi girman fitarwa na yanzu x matsakaicin ƙarfin fitarwa.Misali: 5000Vx100mA=500VA
A: Bataccen ƙarfin abin da aka gwada shine babban dalilin bambanci tsakanin ma'aunin ma'aunin AC da DC na jure wa gwajin ƙarfin lantarki.Waɗannan ɓatattun capacitances ƙila ba za a cika cajin su ba yayin gwaji tare da AC, kuma za a sami ci gaba da ci gaba da gudana ta waɗannan ɓatattun ƙarfin.Tare da gwajin DC, da zarar ƙarfin ƙarfin da ke kan DUT ya cika, abin da ya rage shine ainihin ɗigon DUT.Don haka, ƙimar da aka auna ta halin yanzu ta hanyar gwajin ƙarfin ƙarfin AC da gwajin jurewar wutar lantarki na DC zai bambanta.
A: Insulators ba su da aiki, amma a gaskiya kusan babu wani abu mai rufewa da ba shi da inganci.Ga duk wani abu mai rufewa, lokacin da aka yi amfani da wutar lantarki a samansa, wani ɗan lokaci koyaushe zai gudana.Abubuwan da ke aiki na wannan halin yanzu ana kiran su leakage current, kuma wannan al'amari kuma ana kiransa leakage na insulator.Don gwajin na'urorin lantarki, ɗigogi na halin yanzu yana nufin na yanzu da aka samar ta wurin matsakaicin kewaye ko insulating saman tsakanin sassa na ƙarfe tare da rufin juna, ko tsakanin sassan rayuwa da sassa na ƙasa idan babu ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki.shine yayyo halin yanzu.Dangane da ma'auni na US UL, ɗigogi na yanzu shine na yanzu wanda za'a iya gudanar dashi daga sassa na kayan aikin gida, gami da igiyoyi masu ƙarfi.Ƙunƙarar yatsa ya haɗa da sassa biyu, sashi ɗaya shine ƙaddamarwa na yanzu I1 ta hanyar juriya na rufi;ɗayan ɓangaren shine ƙaura na yanzu I2 ta hanyar ƙarfin da aka rarraba, ƙarshen capacitive reactance shine XC = 1/2pfc kuma yana da inversely gwargwado ga mitar samar da wutar lantarki, kuma ƙarfin ƙarfin da aka rarraba yana ƙaruwa tare da mitar.karuwa, don haka ruwan yabo yana ƙaruwa tare da mitar wutar lantarki.Misali: yin amfani da thyristor don samar da wutar lantarki, abubuwan haɗin gwiwar sa suna ƙara ɗigowar halin yanzu.
A: Gwajin jurewar wutar lantarki shine don gano magudanar ruwa da ke gudana ta hanyar tsarin insulation na abin da ake gwadawa, da amfani da wutar lantarki sama da ƙarfin aiki zuwa tsarin rufewa;yayin da wutar lantarki na yanzu (contact current) shine don gano ɗigon abin da ake gwadawa a ƙarƙashin aiki na yau da kullun.Auna ɗigogi na halin yanzu na abin da aka auna a ƙarƙashin mafi ƙarancin yanayi (ƙarfin wutar lantarki, mita).A taƙaice, yoyon halin yanzu na gwajin juriya na ƙarfin lantarki shine ɗigowar halin yanzu da aka auna ƙarƙashin babu wutar lantarki mai aiki, kuma ƙarfin wutar lantarki na yanzu (lambar lamba) shine ƙarar halin yanzu da aka auna ƙarƙashin aiki na yau da kullun.
A: Don samfuran lantarki na sifofi daban-daban, ma'aunin taɓawa yana da buƙatu daban-daban, amma gabaɗaya, taɓawar taɓawa za a iya raba ta zuwa ƙasa lamba na yanzu Leakage na yanzu, lamba-zuwa ƙasa na yanzu Surface zuwa Layin Leakage na yanzu da kuma saman. Leakage-zuwa-layi na Yanzu Taɓawar Fuskar da ke yanzu zuwa Filayen Gwajin na yanzu
A: Sassan ƙarfe masu iya samun dama ko ƙulli na samfuran lantarki na kayan Ajin I shima yakamata su sami da'irar ƙasa mai kyau azaman ma'aunin kariya daga girgiza wutar lantarki ban da na asali.Koyaya, sau da yawa muna haɗuwa da wasu masu amfani waɗanda ke amfani da kayan aikin Class I ba bisa ka'ida ba azaman kayan aikin Class II, ko kuma cire haɗin ƙasa kai tsaye (GND) a ƙarshen shigar da wutar lantarki na Kayan Ajin I, don haka akwai wasu haɗarin tsaro.Duk da haka, alhakin masana'anta ne don guje wa haɗari ga mai amfani da wannan yanayin.Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ake yin gwajin taɓawa.
A: A lokacin gwajin karfin AC, babu wani ma'auni saboda nau'ikan abubuwan da aka gwada, samuwar ma'auni na batattu a cikin abubuwan da aka gwada, da nau'ikan ƙarfin gwaji daban-daban, don haka babu ma'auni.
A: Hanya mafi kyau don tantance ƙarfin gwajin shine saita shi daidai da ƙayyadaddun da ake buƙata don gwajin.Gabaɗaya magana, za mu saita ƙarfin gwajin gwargwadon ƙarfin aiki sau 2 da 1000V.Misali, idan ƙarfin aiki na samfur shine 115VAC, muna amfani da 2 x 115 + 1000 = 1230 Volt azaman ƙarfin gwaji.Tabbas, wutar lantarkin gwajin kuma zata sami saitunan daban-daban saboda nau'ikan nau'ikan insulating.
A: Waɗannan kalmomi guda uku duk suna da ma'ana iri ɗaya, amma galibi ana amfani da su ta musanyar juna a masana'antar gwaji.
A: Gwajin juriya na insulation da gwajin juriya suna kama da juna.Aiwatar da wutar lantarki na DC har zuwa 1000V zuwa maki biyu da za a gwada.Gwajin IR yawanci yana ba da ƙimar juriya a cikin megohms, ba wakilcin Pass/Fail daga gwajin Hipot ba.Yawanci, ƙarfin gwajin shine 500V DC, kuma ƙimar juriya (IR) kada ta kasance ƙasa da ƴan megohms.Gwajin juriya na insulation gwajin ne mara lalacewa kuma yana iya gano ko rufin yana da kyau.A wasu ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai, ana yin gwajin juriya na rufi da farko sannan kuma gwajin juriya.Lokacin da gwajin juriya ya gaza, gwajin juriya yakan gaza.
A: Gwajin haɗin ƙasa, wasu mutane suna kiran shi gwajin ci gaba na ƙasa (Ground Continuity), yana auna maƙasudin da ke tsakanin rakiyar DUT da kashin ƙasa.Gwajin haɗe-haɗe na ƙasa yana ƙayyade ko kewayen kariyar DUT za ta iya sarrafa kuskuren halin yanzu idan samfurin ya gaza.Gwajin haɗin ƙasa zai haifar da matsakaicin matsakaicin 30A DC na yanzu ko AC rms na yanzu (CSA na buƙatar ma'aunin 40A) ta hanyar da'irar ƙasa don sanin ƙaƙƙarfan da'irar ƙasa, wanda gabaɗaya ƙasa da 0.1 ohms.
A: Gwajin IR gwajin inganci ne wanda ke ba da nuni ga ƙimar ƙarancin tsarin ƙirar.Yawancin lokaci ana gwada shi da ƙarfin lantarki na DC na 500V ko 1000V, kuma ana auna sakamakon tare da juriya na megohm.Har ila yau, gwajin juriya na lantarki yana amfani da babban ƙarfin lantarki ga na'urar da ake gwadawa (DUT), amma ƙarfin lantarki da ake amfani da shi ya fi na gwajin IR.Ana iya yin shi a AC ko DC ƙarfin lantarki.Ana auna sakamakon a milliamps ko microamps.A wasu ƙayyadaddun bayanai, ana yin gwajin IR da farko, sannan kuma gwajin juriya.Idan na'urar da ke ƙarƙashin gwaji (DUT) ta gaza yin gwajin IR, na'urar da ke ƙarƙashin gwaji (DUT) ita ma ta gaza yin gwajin juriya a mafi girman ƙarfin lantarki.
A: Makasudin gwajin rashin ƙarfi na ƙasa shine don tabbatar da cewa wayar ƙasa mai kariya zata iya jure kwararar kuskuren halin yanzu don tabbatar da amincin masu amfani lokacin da wani yanayi mara kyau ya faru a cikin samfurin kayan aiki.Madaidaicin ƙarfin gwajin aminci yana buƙatar matsakaicin buɗaɗɗen wutar lantarki kada ya wuce iyakar 12V, wanda ya dogara da la'akarin amincin mai amfani.Da zarar gazawar gwajin ta faru, ana iya rage mai aiki zuwa haɗarin girgizar lantarki.Ma'auni na gaba ɗaya yana buƙatar juriya na ƙasa ya zama ƙasa da 0.1ohm.Ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da gwajin AC na yanzu tare da mitar 50Hz ko 60Hz don saduwa da ainihin yanayin aiki na samfurin.
A: Akwai wasu bambance-bambance tsakanin gwajin juriya da wutar lantarki, amma gabaɗaya, ana iya taƙaita waɗannan bambance-bambance kamar haka.Gwajin jurewar wutar lantarki shine amfani da babban ƙarfin lantarki don matsar da rufin samfurin don tantance ko ƙarfin rufin samfurin ya isa ya hana ɗigogi mai yawa.Gwajin yayyo na yanzu shine don auna ɗigogi a halin yanzu wanda ke gudana ta cikin samfurin a ƙarƙashin yanayi na al'ada da kuskure ɗaya na samar da wutar lantarki lokacin da samfurin ke aiki.
A: Bambanci a lokacin fitarwa ya dogara da ƙarfin abin da aka gwada da kuma da'irar fitarwa na mai gwajin juriya.Mafi girman ƙarfin, mafi tsayi lokacin fitarwa da ake buƙata.
A: Kayan aiki na Class I yana nufin cewa sassan madugu masu isa sun haɗa su da madubin kariyar ƙasa;lokacin da rufin asali ya kasa, mai ba da kariya na ƙasa dole ne ya iya jure rashin kuskuren halin yanzu, wato, lokacin da rufin asali ya kasa, sassan da ke da damar ba za su iya zama sassan lantarki masu rai ba.A taƙaice, kayan aiki tare da fil ɗin ƙasa na igiyar wutar lantarki kayan aikin Class I ne.Kayan aiki na Class II ba wai kawai ya dogara da "Tsarin Insulation" don kare kariya daga wutar lantarki ba, har ma yana ba da wasu matakan tsaro kamar "Insulation Biyu" ko "Insulation Insulation".Babu wani sharadi game da amincin ƙasa mai kariya ko yanayin shigarwa.
