Kariyar walƙiya wani muhimmin al'amari ne na ƙungiyoyi masu aiki da kayan lantarki masu mahimmanci, musamman a cikin masana'antar watsa shirye-shirye.Mai alaƙa da layin farko na kariya daga walƙiya da hawan wutar lantarki shine tsarin ƙasa.Sai dai in an ƙirƙira kuma an shigar da shi daidai, duk wani kariyar karuwa ba zai yi aiki ba.
Ɗaya daga cikin wuraren watsa shirye-shiryenmu na TV yana kan saman dutse mai tsayin ƙafa 900 kuma an san shi da fuskantar hawan walƙiya.Kwanan nan an sanya ni don sarrafa duk wuraren watsa shirye-shiryen mu;don haka matsalar ta koma gare ni.
Wata walkiya a shekarar 2015 ta haifar da katsewar wutar lantarki, kuma janareton bai daina aiki ba tsawon kwanaki biyu a jere.Bayan dubawa, sai na gano cewa fuse taranfomar ta busa.Na kuma lura cewa sabon shigar atomatik canja wurin canji (ATS) LCD nuni ba komai.Kyamarar tsaro ta lalace, kuma shirin bidiyo daga mahaɗin microwave babu komai.
Don yin muni, lokacin da aka dawo da wutar lantarki, ATS ya fashe.Domin mu sake iska, an tilasta ni in canza ATS da hannu.Asarar da aka kiyasta ta haura dala 5,000.
Abin ban mamaki, LEA mai karewa mai karewa mai hawa uku 480V ba ya nuna alamun aiki kwata-kwata.Wannan ya tayar da hankalina saboda ya kamata ya kare duk na'urorin da ke cikin shafin daga irin wannan lamari.Alhamdu lillahi, mai watsawa yana da kyau.
Babu wani takaddun shaida don shigar da tsarin ƙasa, don haka ba zan iya fahimtar tsarin ko sandar ƙasa ba.Kamar yadda ake iya gani daga Hoto na 1, ƙasar da ke wurin tana da bakin ciki sosai, kuma sauran ƙasan da ke ƙasa an yi su ne da dutsen Novaculite, kamar insulator na tushen silica.A cikin wannan ƙasa, sandunan ƙasa na yau da kullun ba za su yi aiki ba, Ina buƙatar sanin ko sun shigar da sandar ƙasa mai sinadarai kuma har yanzu yana cikin rayuwar mai amfani.
Akwai albarkatu da yawa game da ma'aunin juriya na ƙasa akan Intanet.Don yin waɗannan ma'auni, na zaɓi Fluke 1625 mitar juriya na ƙasa, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto 2. Na'ura ce mai aiki da yawa wacce za ta iya amfani da sandar ƙasa kawai ko haɗa sandar ƙasa zuwa tsarin don auna ƙasa.Bayan wannan, akwai bayanan aikace-aikacen, waɗanda mutane za su iya bi cikin sauƙi don samun ingantaccen sakamako.Wannan mita ne mai tsada, don haka muka yi hayar daya don yin aikin.
Injiniyoyin watsa shirye-shirye sun saba da auna juriya na resistors, kuma sau ɗaya kawai, za mu sami ainihin ƙimar.Juriya na ƙasa ya bambanta.Abin da muke nema shine juriya da ƙasan da ke kewaye da ita za ta bayar lokacin da ƙarfin halin yanzu ya wuce.
Na yi amfani da hanyar “digo mai yuwuwa” lokacin da ake auna juriya, wanda aka yi bayanin ka’idarsa a cikin Hoto na 1 da Hoto 2. 3 zuwa 5.
A cikin hoto 3, akwai sandar ƙasa E na zurfin da aka ba da kuma tari C tare da takamaiman nisa daga sandar ƙasa E. Ana haɗa tushen wutar lantarki VS tsakanin su biyun, wanda zai haifar da E tsakanin tari C da sandar ƙasa.Yin amfani da voltmeter, za mu iya auna ƙarfin VM tsakanin su biyun.Makusancin da muke da shi zuwa E, ƙananan ƙarfin VM ya zama.VM ba shi da sifili a sandar ƙasa E. A gefe guda, idan muka auna ƙarfin lantarki kusa da tari C, VM ya zama babba.A daidaici C, VM daidai yake da tushen wutar lantarki VS.Bin dokar Ohm, za mu iya amfani da wutar lantarki VM da C na yanzu da VS ke haifar don samun juriya na ƙasa na dattin da ke kewaye.
Idan muka ɗauka cewa saboda tattaunawa, nisa tsakanin sandar ƙasa E da tari C shine ƙafa 100, kuma ana auna ƙarfin wutar lantarki kowace ƙafa 10 daga sandar ƙasa E zuwa tari C. Idan kun ƙirƙira sakamakon, layin juriya yakamata yayi kama da Hoto. 4.
Mafi girman sashi shine ƙimar juriya na ƙasa, wanda shine matakin tasirin sandar ƙasa.Bayan haka wani yanki ne na sararin duniya, kuma igiyoyin ruwa ba za su ƙara shiga ba.Yin la'akari da cewa impedance yana karuwa kuma yana karuwa a wannan lokacin, wannan abu ne mai fahimta.
Idan sandar ƙasa tana da tsayi ƙafa 8, nisa na tari C yawanci ana saita shi zuwa ƙafa 100, kuma ɓangaren lebur ɗin yana da kusan ƙafa 62.Ba za a iya rufe ƙarin cikakkun bayanai na fasaha a nan ba, amma ana iya samun su a cikin bayanin aikace-aikacen iri ɗaya daga Fluke Corp.
An nuna saitin ta amfani da Fluke 1625 a cikin Hoto na 5. Mitar juriya ta ƙasa ta 1625 tana da nata janareta na ƙarfin lantarki, wanda zai iya karanta ƙimar juriya kai tsaye daga mita;babu buƙatar ƙididdige ƙimar ohm.
Karatu shine bangare mai sauki, kuma bangaren wahala shine ke haifar da karfin wutar lantarki.Domin samun ingantaccen karatu, an cire sandar ƙasa daga tsarin ƙasa.Don dalilai na aminci, muna tabbatar da cewa babu yiwuwar walƙiya ko rashin aiki a lokacin kammalawa, saboda dukan tsarin yana shawagi a ƙasa yayin aikin aunawa.
Hoto 6: Lyncole System XIT sandar ƙasa.Wayar da aka katse da aka nuna ba ita ce babban mai haɗin tsarin ƙasa ba.An haɗa ta ƙarƙashin ƙasa.
Na duba, sai na sami sandar ƙasa (Hoto na 6), wanda haƙiƙa wani sinadari ne na ƙasa da Lyncole Systems ke samarwa.Sandar ƙasa ta ƙunshi diamita 8-inch, rami mai ƙafa 10 cike da cakuda yumbu na musamman da ake kira Lynconite.A tsakiyar wannan rami akwai bututun tagulla mai zurfi mai tsayi iri ɗaya tare da diamita na inci 2.Hybrid Lynconite yana ba da juriya sosai ga sandar ƙasa.Wani ya shaida mani cewa, a lokacin da ake saka wannan sanda, an yi amfani da ababen fashewa wajen yin ramuka.
Da zarar an dasa wutar lantarki da takin na yanzu a cikin ƙasa, ana haɗa waya daga kowace tari zuwa mita a bi da bi, inda ake karanta ƙimar juriya.
Na sami ƙimar juriya na ƙasa na 7 ohms, wanda yake da ƙima mai kyau.Lambar Wutar Lantarki ta ƙasa tana buƙatar wutar lantarki ta ƙasa ta zama 25 ohms ko ƙasa da haka.Saboda yanayin kula da kayan aiki, masana'antar sadarwa yawanci suna buƙatar 5 ohms ko ƙasa da haka.Sauran manyan masana'antu na masana'antu suna buƙatar juriya na ƙasa.
A matsayina na al'ada, koyaushe ina neman shawara da fahimta daga mutanen da suka fi kwarewa a irin wannan aikin.Na tambayi Fluke Technical Support game da bambance-bambance a cikin wasu karatun da na samu.Sun ce, wani lokaci gungumen na iya yin mu'amala mai kyau da ƙasa (wataƙila saboda dutsen yana da wuya).
A gefe guda kuma, Lyncole Ground Systems, mai kera sandunan ƙasa, ya bayyana cewa yawancin karatun ba su da yawa.Suna tsammanin karatu mafi girma.Koyaya, lokacin da na karanta labarai game da sandunan ƙasa, wannan bambanci yana faruwa.Wani bincike da aka yi a kowace shekara har tsawon shekaru 10 ya nuna cewa kashi 13-40% na karatunsu ya bambanta da sauran karatun.Sun kuma yi amfani da sandunan ƙasa iri ɗaya da muke amfani da su.Saboda haka, yana da mahimmanci don kammala karatun da yawa.
Na tambayi wani dan kwangilar lantarki da ya sanya haɗin wayar ƙasa mai ƙarfi daga ginin zuwa sandar ƙasa don hana satar tagulla a nan gaba.Sun kuma yi wani ma'aunin juriya na ƙasa.Duk da haka, an yi ruwan sama kwanaki kaɗan kafin su ɗauki karatun kuma darajar da suka samu ta kasance ƙasa da 7 ohms (Na ɗauki karatun lokacin da ya bushe sosai).Daga waɗannan sakamakon, na yi imani cewa sandar ƙasa har yanzu tana cikin kyakkyawan yanayi.
Hoto 7: Bincika manyan hanyoyin haɗin ginin ƙasa.Ko da an haɗa tsarin ƙasa zuwa sandar ƙasa, ana iya amfani da matsi don duba juriya na ƙasa.
Na matsar da 480V surge suppressor zuwa wani batu a cikin layi bayan ƙofar sabis, kusa da babban maɓallin cire haɗin.Ya kasance a kusurwar ginin.A duk lokacin da aka sami hawan walƙiya, wannan sabon wurin yana sanya mai hana hawan jini a farkon wuri.Na biyu, nisa tsakaninsa da sandar ƙasa ya kamata ya zama ɗan gajeren lokaci.A cikin tsarin da ya gabata, ATS ya zo gaban komai kuma koyaushe yana jagorantar.Wayoyi masu hawa uku da ke da alaƙa da mai hana hawan jini da haɗin ƙasa an sanya su gajarta don rage rashin ƙarfi.
Na sake komawa don bincika wata tambaya mai ban mamaki, me yasa mai hana hawan jini bai yi aiki ba lokacin da ATS ya fashe a lokacin hawan walƙiya.A wannan karon, na bincika dalla-dalla duk hanyoyin haɗin ƙasa da tsaka-tsaki na duk fatunan da'ira, injin janareta, da masu watsawa.
Na gano cewa haɗin ƙasa na babban madaidaicin kewayawa ya ɓace!Wannan kuma shine inda mai hana surge da ATS ke ƙasa (don haka wannan kuma shine dalilin da yasa mai hana surge ba ya aiki).
An rasa saboda barawon jan karfe ya yanke haɗin kan panel ɗin wani lokaci kafin a shigar da ATS.Injiniyoyin da suka gabata sun gyara duk wayoyi na ƙasa, amma sun kasa mayar da haɗin ƙasa zuwa panel breaker.Wayar da aka yanke ba ta da sauƙin gani saboda tana kan bayan panel.Na gyara wannan haɗin kuma na sanya shi mafi aminci.
An shigar da sabon kashi uku 480V, da kuma nautel ferrite torinoidal mahara aka yi amfani da shi a shigarwar kashi uku na ats.Ina tabbatar da cewa ma'ajin surge suppressor shima yana aiki don mu san lokacin da abin ya faru.
Lokacin da lokacin hadari ya zo, komai ya tafi daidai kuma ATS yana gudana da kyau.Duk da haka, har yanzu na'urar taranfomar na'urar tana ci gaba da hurawa, amma a wannan karon na'urar ATS da duk wasu na'urorin da ke cikin ginin ba su ci gaba da yin tasiri ba.
Muna roƙon kamfanin wutar lantarki ya duba fis ɗin da aka hura.An gaya mani cewa wurin yana ƙarshen sabis ɗin layin watsawa na matakai uku, don haka ya fi saurin fuskantar matsaloli.Sun goge sandunan tare da sanya wasu sabbin na’urori a saman na’urorin taransfoma (na yi imanin su ma wasu nau’in surge suppressor ne), wanda hakan ya hana fis din konewa.Ban sani ba ko sun yi wasu abubuwa akan layin watsawa, amma ko menene suke yi, yana aiki.
Duk wannan ya faru ne a cikin 2015, kuma tun lokacin, ba mu ci karo da wata matsala ba dangane da hawan wutar lantarki ko tsawa.
Magance matsalolin hawan wutar lantarki wani lokaci ba sauki ba ne.Dole ne a kula da sosai don tabbatar da cewa an yi la'akari da duk matsalolin a cikin wayoyi da haɗi.Ka'idar da ke bayan tsarin ƙasa da hawan walƙiya ya cancanci yin nazari.Wajibi ne a fahimci cikakkun matsalolin ƙwanƙwasa maƙasudi guda ɗaya, gradients na ƙarfin lantarki, da yuwuwar haɓakar ƙasa yayin kurakurai don yanke shawarar da ta dace yayin aikin shigarwa.
John Marcon, CBTE CBRE, kwanan nan ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Babban Injiniya a Gidan Talabijin na Nasara (VTN) a Little Rock, Arkansas.Yana da gogewar shekaru 27 a rediyo da talabijin da watsa shirye-shiryen watsa shirye-shirye da sauran kayan aiki, sannan kuma tsohon kwararre ne kan harkar lantarki.Shine injiniyan watsa shirye-shiryen watsa shirye-shiryen SBE da kuma injiniyan watsa shirye-shiryen talabijin tare da digiri na farko a fannin lantarki da injiniyan sadarwa.
Don ƙarin irin waɗannan rahotanni, da kuma ci gaba da kasancewa tare da duk manyan labarai na kasuwa, fasali da bincike, da fatan za a yi rajista don wasiƙarmu a nan.
Kodayake FCC ce ke da alhakin rudanin farko, Ofishin Media har yanzu yana da gargaɗin da za a ba wa mai lasisi
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Lokacin aikawa: Yuli-14-2021
