1. Ƙa'idar gwaji:
a) Jure gwajin wutar lantarki:
Asalin ƙa'idar aiki ita ce: kwatanta ɗigogi na halin yanzu da kayan aikin da aka gwada ke samarwa a babban ƙarfin lantarki na kayan gwajin ta mai gwajin wutar lantarki tare da ƙayyadaddun hukumcin da aka saita.Idan ruwan yabo da aka gano bai kai ƙimar da aka saita ba, kayan aikin ya wuce gwajin.Lokacin da ruwan yabo da aka gano ya fi na halin yanzu girma, ana yanke ƙarfin gwajin kuma a aika da ƙararrawa mai ji da gani, don tantance ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ɓangaren da aka gwada.
Don ƙa'idar gwajin kewaya ƙasa ta farko,
Wutar juriya mai gwadawa ta ƙunshi babban ƙarfin wutar lantarki na AC (kai tsaye) na yanzu, mai sarrafa lokaci, da'irar ganowa, da'irar nuni da da'irar ƙararrawa.Ainihin ka'idar aiki ita ce: rabon ɗigon ruwa na yanzu da kayan aikin da aka gwada ke samarwa a gwajin babban ƙarfin lantarki ta mai gwajin ƙarfin lantarki ana kwatanta shi da na yanzu hukuncin da aka saita.Idan ruwan yayyon da aka gano bai kai ƙimar da aka saita ba, kayan aikin sun wuce gwajin, Lokacin da ruwan yayyon da aka gano ya fi na halin yanzu girma, ana yanke ƙarfin gwajin na ɗan lokaci sannan a aika da ƙararrawa mai ji da gani don tantance ƙarfin lantarki. jure ƙarfin ɓangaren da aka gwada.
b) Rashin cikawa:
Mun san cewa ƙarfin lantarki na gwaji impedance shine gabaɗaya 500V ko 1000V, wanda yayi daidai da gwada gwajin ƙarfin ƙarfin DC.Ƙarƙashin wannan ƙarfin lantarki, na'urar tana auna ƙimar halin yanzu, sannan tana haɓaka halin yanzu ta hanyar lissafin kewaye na ciki.A ƙarshe, ta zartar da dokar Ohm: r = u/i, inda aka gwada 500V ko 1000V, Kuma ni ne ɗigogi a wannan ƙarfin lantarki.Dangane da ƙwarewar gwajin ƙarfin lantarki, zamu iya fahimtar cewa halin yanzu yana da ƙanƙanta, gabaɗaya ƙasa da 1 μ A .
Ana iya gani daga sama cewa ka'idar gwajin impedance insulation daidai yake da na jurewar gwajin ƙarfin lantarki, amma wata magana ce ta dokar Ohm.Ana amfani da leakage halin yanzu don bayyana aikin rufewa na abin da ake gwadawa, yayin da abin rufe fuska shine juriya.
2. Manufar irin ƙarfin lantarki jure gwajin:
Gwajin jurewar wutar lantarki gwaji ne mara lalacewa, wanda ake amfani da shi don gano ko ƙarfin rufin samfuran ya cancanci ƙarƙashin babban ƙarfin lantarki na wucin gadi.Yana amfani da babban ƙarfin lantarki ga kayan aikin da aka gwada na ɗan lokaci don tabbatar da cewa aikin rufin kayan aikin yana da ƙarfi sosai.Wani dalili na wannan gwajin shi ne cewa yana iya gano wasu lahani na kayan aiki, kamar rashin isasshen nisa da rashin isasshen wutar lantarki a tsarin masana'anta.
3. Wutar lantarki jure wa gwajin ƙarfin lantarki:
Akwai ka'ida ta gaba ɗaya ta ƙarfin lantarki = ƙarfin wutar lantarki × 2+1000V.
Misali: idan ƙarfin lantarki na samfurin gwajin shine 220V, ƙarfin gwajin = 220V × 2+1000V=1480V.
Gabaɗaya, lokacin gwajin juriyar ƙarfin lantarki shine minti ɗaya.Saboda yawan gwaje-gwajen juriya na lantarki akan layin samarwa, lokacin gwajin yawanci ana rage shi zuwa ƴan daƙiƙa kaɗan kawai.Akwai ka'ida ta zahiri.Lokacin da aka rage lokacin gwajin zuwa kawai 1-2 seconds, dole ne a ƙara ƙarfin gwajin da 10-20%, don tabbatar da amincin rufi a gwajin ɗan gajeren lokaci.
4. Ƙararrawa halin yanzu
Saitin ƙararrawa za a ƙayyade bisa ga samfura daban-daban.Hanya mafi kyau ita ce yin gwajin yoyo na yanzu don tarin samfura a gaba, samun matsakaicin ƙima, sannan ƙayyade ƙimar da ta ɗan fi wannan matsakaicin darajar azaman saita halin yanzu.Domin babu makawa yoyo na kayan aikin da aka gwada ya wanzu, ya zama dole a tabbatar da cewa saitin ƙararrawa ya yi girma don gujewa jawowa da kuskuren na yanzu, kuma ya kamata ya zama ƙanƙanta don guje wa wuce samfurin da bai cancanta ba.A wasu lokuta, yana yiwuwa a tantance ko samfurin yana da lamba tare da ƙarshen fitarwa na mai gwajin wutar lantarki ta hanyar saita abin da ake kira ƙaramar ƙararrawa.
5. Zaɓin gwajin AC da DC
Gwajin ƙarfin lantarki, yawancin matakan aminci suna ba da damar amfani da wutar lantarki na AC ko DC don jure gwajin ƙarfin lantarki.Idan aka yi amfani da ƙarfin gwajin AC, lokacin da aka kai mafi girman ƙarfin lantarki, insulator ɗin da za a gwada zai ɗauki matsakaicin matsakaici lokacin da ƙimar ƙimar ta kasance tabbatacce ko mara kyau.Don haka, idan aka yanke shawarar zabar amfani da gwajin wutar lantarki na DC, ya zama dole a tabbatar da cewa karfin gwajin DC ya ninka karfin gwajin AC sau biyu, ta yadda wutar lantarkin DC zata iya zama daidai da kololuwar darajar AC.Misali: 1500V AC ƙarfin lantarki, don DC ƙarfin lantarki don samar da adadin adadin kuzarin lantarki dole ne 1500 × 1.414 shine ƙarfin lantarki 2121v DC.
Ɗaya daga cikin fa'idodin amfani da ƙarfin gwajin DC shine cewa a yanayin DC, halin yanzu da ke gudana ta na'urar auna ƙararrawa na gwajin wutar lantarki shine ainihin halin yanzu da ke gudana ta cikin samfurin.Wani fa'idar amfani da gwajin DC shine ana iya amfani da wutar lantarki a hankali.Lokacin da ƙarfin lantarki ya karu, mai aiki zai iya gano halin yanzu da ke gudana ta cikin samfurin kafin lalacewa ya faru.Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa lokacin amfani da gwajin ƙarfin ƙarfin DC, dole ne a fitar da samfurin bayan an gama gwajin saboda cajin ƙarfin aiki a cikin kewaye.A zahiri, komai nawa aka gwada ƙarfin lantarki da halayen samfurin, yana da kyau ga fitarwa kafin sarrafa samfurin.
Lalacewar gwajin jurewar wutar lantarki na DC shine cewa yana iya amfani da wutar lantarki ta hanya ɗaya kawai, kuma ba zai iya amfani da ƙarfin lantarki akan polarity biyu azaman gwajin AC ba, kuma yawancin samfuran lantarki suna aiki ƙarƙashin wutar lantarki ta AC.Bugu da ƙari, saboda ƙarfin gwajin DC yana da wuyar samarwa, farashin gwajin DC ya fi na AC gwajin.
Amfanin gwajin jurewar wutar lantarki na AC shine cewa yana iya gano duk polarity na ƙarfin lantarki, wanda ya fi kusa da yanayin aiki.Bugu da kari, saboda AC irin ƙarfin lantarki ba zai cajin capacitance, a mafi yawan lokuta, barga halin yanzu darajar za a iya samu ta kai tsaye fitar da daidai ƙarfin lantarki ba tare da sannu a hankali mataki.Bugu da ƙari, bayan an gama gwajin AC, ba a buƙatar fitar da samfur.
Rashin ƙarfin gwajin ƙarfin ƙarfin AC shine idan akwai babban y capacitance a layin da ake gwadawa, a wasu lokuta, gwajin AC za a yi kuskure.Yawancin ma'auni na aminci suna ba masu amfani damar ko dai kada su haɗa masu ƙarfin Y kafin gwaji, ko a maimakon haka suyi amfani da gwajin DC.Lokacin da ƙarfin jurewar wutar lantarki na DC ya ƙaru a ƙarfin Y, ba za a yi kuskure ba saboda ƙarfin ƙarfin ba zai ƙyale kowane halin yanzu ya wuce a wannan lokacin ba.
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-10-2021
