A ： Iki nikibazo abakora ibicuruzwa byinshi bifuza kubaza, kandi birumvikana ko igisubizo gikunze kugaragara ari "kuko ibipimo byumutekano bibiteganya."Niba ushobora gusobanukirwa byimazeyo amateka yumutekano wamashanyarazi, uzasanga inshingano zibyihishe inyuma.hamwe nubusobanuro.Nubwo igeragezwa ryumutekano wamashanyarazi rifata umwanya muto kumurongo wibyakozwe, biragufasha kugabanya ibyago byo gutunganya ibicuruzwa kubera ingaruka zamashanyarazi.Kubibona neza ubwambere ninzira nziza yo kugabanya ibiciro no gukomeza ubushake.
A test Ikizamini cyo kwangiza amashanyarazi kigabanijwe cyane muburyo bune bukurikira: Ikizamini cya Dielectric standstand / Hipot Ikizamini: Ikizamini cya voltage cyihanganira gukoresha ingufu nyinshi kumashanyarazi nubutaka bwibicuruzwa kandi bipima uko byacitse.Ikizamini cyo Kwigunga Kwigunga: Gupima amashanyarazi yibicuruzwa.Ikizamini kigezweho: Menya niba imiyoboro yamashanyarazi ya AC / DC itanga kubutaka burenze ibipimo.Impamvu yo gukingira: Gerageza niba ibyuma bigerwaho byubatswe neza.
A ： Kubwumutekano wibizamini mubakora cyangwa laboratoire zipimisha, byakorewe muburayi imyaka myinshi.Yaba abahinguzi n'abagerageza ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ibicuruzwa byikoranabuhanga byamakuru, ibikoresho byo murugo, ibikoresho bya mashini cyangwa ibindi bikoresho, mumabwiriza atandukanye yumutekano Hariho ibice mumabwiriza, yaba UL, IEC, EN, bikubiyemo ibimenyetso byerekana ibizamini (abakozi ahantu, ibikoresho byabigenewe, DUT biherereye), ibimenyetso byerekana ibimenyetso (byerekanwe neza "akaga" cyangwa ibintu biri kugeragezwa), imiterere yimiterere yikibanza cyibikoresho bikoreramo nibindi bikoresho bifitanye isano, hamwe nubushobozi bwo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi kuri buri bikoresho bipimisha (IEC 61010).
A ： Kwihanganira ikizamini cya voltage cyangwa ikizamini cya voltage nini (ikizamini cya HIPOT) ni igipimo 100% gikoreshwa mukugenzura ubuziranenge n’amashanyarazi biranga ibicuruzwa (nkibisabwa na JSI, CSA, BSI, UL, IEC, TUV, nibindi mpuzamahanga ibigo bishinzwe umutekano) Nibindi bizwi cyane kandi bikunze gukorwa ikizamini cyumutekano.Ikizamini cya HIPOT ni ikizamini kidasenya kugirango hamenyekane ko ibikoresho byogukoresha amashanyarazi birwanya bihagije imbaraga zumuvuduko wigihe gito, kandi ni ikizamini cyumuvuduko mwinshi ukoreshwa mubikoresho byose kugirango ibikoresho byerekana ko bihagije.Izindi mpamvu zo gukora ikizamini cya HIPOT nuko ishobora kumenya inenge zishoboka nkintera zidahagije zogusohoka hamwe nibisabwa byatewe mugihe cyo gukora.
A ： Mubisanzwe, imbaraga za voltage mumashanyarazi ni sisitemu ya sine.Mugihe cyimikorere ya sisitemu yamashanyarazi, kubera inkuba, imikorere, amakosa cyangwa ibipimo bidahuye bihuye nibikoresho byamashanyarazi, voltage yibice bimwe na bimwe bya sisitemu irazamuka gitunguranye kandi irenze cyane voltage yagenwe, ikaba ikabije.Kurenza urugero birashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri ukurikije impamvu zibitera.Imwe murimwe ni voltage ikabije iterwa no gukubita inkuba cyangwa kwinjiza inkuba, ibyo bita volvoltage yo hanze.Ubunini bwumurabyo impulse ya voltage na impulse nini nini, kandi igihe ni gito cyane, cyangiza cyane.Nyamara, kubera ko imirongo yo hejuru ya 3-10kV no hepfo mumijyi hamwe ninganda rusange zinganda zikingiwe namahugurwa cyangwa inyubako ndende, amahirwe yo gukubitwa ninkuba ni nto cyane, bikaba bifite umutekano.Byongeye kandi, ibyaganiriweho hano ni ibikoresho byamashanyarazi byo murugo, bitari murwego rwavuzwe haruguru, kandi ntibizaganirwaho ukundi.Ubundi bwoko buterwa no guhindura ingufu cyangwa ibipimo bihinduka imbere muri sisitemu yimbaraga, nko guhuza umurongo utari umutwaro, guca imashini itwara imizigo, hamwe na arc imwe ya arc ihagarara muri sisitemu, ibyo bita overvoltage y'imbere.Imbere ya volvoltage y'imbere niyo shingiro nyamukuru ryo kumenya urwego rusanzwe rwo kubika ibikoresho bitandukanye byamashanyarazi muri sisitemu yamashanyarazi.Nukuvuga ko, igishushanyo mbonera cyimiterere yibicuruzwa ntigomba gutekereza gusa kuri voltage yagenwe gusa ahubwo no gutekereza kuri volvoltage yimbere yibidukikije bikoresha ibidukikije.Igeragezwa rya voltage ni ukumenya niba imiterere yimikorere yibicuruzwa ishobora kwihanganira ingufu zimbere za sisitemu yingufu.
A ： Mubisanzwe AC ihanganira ikizamini cya voltage yemerwa ninzego zumutekano kuruta DC ihanganira ikizamini cya voltage.Impamvu nyamukuru nuko ibintu byinshi biri kugeragezwa bizakorera munsi ya voltage ya AC, kandi AC ihanganira ikizamini cya voltage itanga inyungu zo guhinduranya polarisi ebyiri kugirango ushimangire insulation, ikaba yegereye imihangayiko ibicuruzwa bizahura nabyo mugukoresha nyabyo.Kubera ko ikizamini cya AC kitishyuza umutwaro wa capacitive, gusoma kurubu bikomeza kuba bimwe kuva itangira rya porogaramu ya voltage kugeza ikizamini kirangiye.Kubwibyo, nta mpamvu yo kuzamura voltage kuva ntakibazo gihari gisabwa kugirango ukurikirane ibyasomwe.Ibi bivuze ko keretse niba ibicuruzwa biri munsi yikizamini byunvikana na voltage itunguranye, uyikoresha arashobora guhita akoresha voltage yuzuye hanyuma agasoma ikigezweho adategereje.Kubera ko amashanyarazi ya AC atishyuza umutwaro, nta mpamvu yo gusohora igikoresho kiri munsi yikizamini.
A ： Mugihe ugerageza ubushobozi bwimitwaro, igiteranyo cyose kigizwe ningaruka zidasanzwe.Iyo ingano yimyuka ihindagurika ari nini cyane kuruta iyimena ryukuri, birashobora kugorana kumenya ibicuruzwa bifite umuyaga mwinshi.Mugihe ugerageza imitwaro minini yubushobozi, igiteranyo gisabwa ni kinini cyane kuruta imyuka ubwayo.Ibi birashobora kuba akaga gakomeye nkuko uyikoresha ahura ningaruka zo hejuru
Urukurikirane rwa RK71 Porogaramu ishobora kwihanganira ibizamini bya voltage
A ： Iyo igikoresho kiri munsi yikizamini (DUT) cyuzuye cyuzuye, gusa imyuka yukuri itemba.Ibi bifasha Ikizamini cya DC Hipot kwerekana neza neza ibicuruzwa biva mu kizamini.Kuberako amashanyarazi yumuriro ari maremare, ingufu zisabwa na DC zihanganira igeragezwa rya voltage zirashobora kuba nke cyane ugereranije na AC ihanganira igeragezwa rya voltage ikoreshwa mugupima ibicuruzwa bimwe.
A ： Kubera ko DC ihanganira ikizamini cya voltage yishyuza DUT, kugirango ikureho ingaruka ziterwa numuriro wamashanyarazi ukora DUT nyuma yikizamini cya voltage, DUT igomba gusezererwa nyuma yikizamini.Ikizamini cya DC cyishyuza ubushobozi.Niba DUT ikoresha AC imbaraga, uburyo bwa DC ntabwo bwigana ibintu bifatika.
A ： Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwo kwihanganira ibizamini bya voltage: AC ihanganira ikizamini cya voltage na DC ihanganira ikizamini cya voltage.Bitewe nibiranga ibikoresho byo kubika ibikoresho, uburyo bwo gusenya amashanyarazi ya AC na DC buratandukanye.Ibikoresho byinshi hamwe na sisitemu birimo urutonde rwibitangazamakuru bitandukanye.Iyo ingufu za test ya AC zashyizwe kuri yo, voltage izagabanywa ukurikije ibipimo nka dielectric ihoraho nubunini bwibikoresho.Mugihe DC voltage ikwirakwiza gusa voltage mukurwanya ibintu.Kandi mubyukuri, gusenyuka kwimiterere yimikorere akenshi biterwa no kumeneka kwamashanyarazi, kumeneka yumuriro, gusohora nubundi buryo icyarimwe, kandi biragoye kubitandukanya burundu.Na voltage ya AC yongerera amahirwe yo gusenyuka hejuru yumuriro wa DC.Kubwibyo, twizera ko AC ihanganira ikizamini cya voltage irakomeye kuruta DC ihanganira ikizamini cya voltage.Mubikorwa nyabyo, mugihe ukora ikizamini cyo kwihanganira voltage, niba DC ikoreshwa mugupima imbaraga za voltage, voltage yikizamini isabwa kuba hejuru yumubyigano wikigereranyo cyumuriro wa AC.Ikizamini cya voltage ya DC rusange ihanganira voltage ikubye inshuro K ihoraho nagaciro keza ka AC test voltage.Binyuze mu bizamini byo kugereranya, dufite ibisubizo bikurikira: kubikoresho byinsinga ninsinga, guhora K ni 3;ku nganda zindege, guhora K ni 1.6 kugeza 1.7;CSA muri rusange ikoresha 1.414 kubicuruzwa bya gisivili.
A vol Umuvuduko wikizamini ugena ikizamini cya voltage cyihanganira biterwa nisoko ibicuruzwa byawe bizashyirwa, kandi ugomba kubahiriza amahame yumutekano cyangwa amabwiriza agenga amategeko agenga kugenzura ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga.Ikizamini cya voltage nigihe cyikizamini cyo kwihanganira voltage cyerekanwe mubipimo byumutekano.Ibihe byiza ni ugusaba umukiriya wawe kuguha ibisabwa bikenewe.Umuvuduko wikizamini cya rusange wihanganira ikizamini cya voltage nuburyo bukurikira: niba voltage ikora iri hagati ya 42V na 1000V, voltage yikizamini ikubye kabiri imbaraga zakazi wongeyeho 1000V.Ikizamini cya voltage ikoreshwa kuminota 1.Kurugero, kubicuruzwa bikorera kuri 230V, voltage yikizamini ni 1460V.Niba voltage yo gusaba igihe ari kigufi, ikizamini cya voltage kigomba kongerwa.Kurugero, ibipimo byumurongo wibizamini muri UL 935:
| imiterere | Igihe cyo gusaba (amasegonda) | ikoreshwa rya voltage |
| A | 60 | 1000V + （2 x V） |
| B | 1 | 1200V + （2.4 x V） |
| V = voltage ntarengwa | ||
A ： Ubushobozi bwa Hipot Tester bivuga imbaraga zayo.Ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ibipimo bya voltage bigenwa nigisohoka kinini cyasohotse x ntarengwa gisohoka.Urugero: 5000Vx100mA = 500VA
Igisubizo: Ubushobozi bwayobye bwikintu cyapimwe nimpamvu nyamukuru yo gutandukanya indangagaciro zapimwe za AC na DC zihanganira ibizamini bya voltage.Ubu bushobozi bwayobye ntibushobora kwishyurwa byuzuye mugihe cyo kugerageza hamwe na AC, kandi hazabaho umuyoboro uhoraho unyura muri ubwo bushobozi.Hamwe nikizamini cya DC, iyo capacitance yazimiye kuri DUT yishyuwe byuzuye, igisigaye nikintu gifatika cya DUT.Kubwibyo, agaciro kasohotse kapimwe na AC kwihanganira ikizamini cya voltage hamwe na DC ihanganira ikizamini cya voltage kizaba gitandukanye.
Igisubizo: Insulator ntabwo ziyobora, ariko mubyukuri ntakintu na kimwe gikingira ibintu kitayobora rwose.Kubintu byose byokwirinda, mugihe voltage ikoreshwa hejuru yayo, umuyoboro runaka uzahora unyuramo.Ikintu kigize iki cyerekezo cyitwa leakage current, kandi iyi phenomenon nayo yitwa leakage ya insulator.Kugirango ugerageze ibikoresho byamashanyarazi, imiyoboro yamenetse yerekeza kumuyoboro wakozwe nuburinganire buringaniye cyangwa buringaniye hagati yibice byicyuma hamwe na hamwe, cyangwa hagati yibice bizima nibice byubutaka mugihe hatabayeho amakosa ya voltage yakoreshejwe.ni Kumeneka.Ukurikije amahame ya UL yo muri Amerika, imiyoboro yameneka niyumuyoboro ushobora gukorwa uhereye kubice byifashishwa mubikoresho byo murugo, harimo nimbaraga zifatanije.Umuyoboro usohoka urimo ibice bibiri, igice kimwe nuyoboro wa I1 unyuze mukurwanya insulation;ikindi gice ni icyerekezo cya I2 binyuze muri capacitance yagabanijwe, reaction ya capacitive ya nyuma ni XC = 1 / 2pfc kandi iringaniza muburyo butandukanye bwo gutanga amashanyarazi, kandi ubushobozi bwa capacitance bwagabanijwe bwiyongera hamwe numurongo.kwiyongera, bityo imiyoboro yamenetse yiyongera hamwe ninshuro yo gutanga amashanyarazi.Kurugero: gukoresha thyristor mugutanga amashanyarazi, ibice byayo bihuza byongera imyanda.
Igisubizo: Ihangane rya voltage ikizamini ni ukumenya imiyoboro yamenetse inyura muri sisitemu yo kubika ibintu biri kugeragezwa, hanyuma ugashyiraho voltage irenze voltage ikora kuri sisitemu yo kubika;mugihe amashanyarazi yamenetse (contact current) nugushakisha imiyoboro yamenetse yikintu kiri munsi yikizamini gikora.Gupima imyuka yamenetse yikintu cyapimwe mubihe bitameze neza (voltage, frequency).Muri make, imyuka yamenetse yikigereranyo cyumubyigano nikigereranyo cyamazi yapimwe mugihe nta mashanyarazi akora, naho umuyagankuba wamashanyarazi (umuyoboro woguhuza) numuyoboro wapimye upimye mubikorwa bisanzwe.
Igisubizo: Kubicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki byuburyo butandukanye, gupima imiyoboro ikora nayo ifite ibisabwa bitandukanye, ariko muri rusange, imiyoboro ikora irashobora kugabanywa kubutaka bwi butaka bwa Ground Leakage Ibiriho, hejuru-ku-butaka bihuza Ubuso kuri Line Kumeneka Ibiriho hamwe nubuso -ku murongo-Umurongo Kumeneka Ibiriho bitatu Gukoraho Ubuso Kuri Surface Kumeneka Ibizamini byubu
Igisubizo.Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, dukunze guhura nabakoresha bamwe bakoresha kubushake ibikoresho byo mucyiciro cya mbere nkibikoresho byo mu cyiciro cya II, cyangwa bagacomeka mu buryo butaziguye ubutaka (GND) ku mbaraga zinjiza ibikoresho by’icyiciro cya mbere, bityo hakaba hari ibibazo by’umutekano.Nubwo bimeze bityo, ninshingano yuwabikoze kwirinda akaga kubakoresha batewe niki kibazo.Niyo mpamvu ikizamini cyo gukoraho kigezweho.
Igisubizo: Mugihe AC ihanganira ikizamini cya voltage, ntagipimo gihari bitewe nubwoko butandukanye bwibintu byageragejwe, kubaho kwa capacitance zayobye mubintu byageragejwe, hamwe na voltage zitandukanye zipimishije, kuburyo ntamahame.
Igisubizo: Inzira nziza yo kumenya voltage yikizamini nugushiraho ukurikije ibisobanuro bisabwa kugirango ikizamini.Mubisanzwe nukuvuga, tuzashyiraho voltage yikizamini dukurikije inshuro 2 voltage ikora wongeyeho 1000V.Kurugero, niba voltage ikora yibicuruzwa ari 115VAC, dukoresha 2 x 115 + 1000 = 1230 Volt nka voltage yikizamini.Birumvikana, ikizamini cya voltage nayo izaba ifite igenamiterere ritandukanye bitewe n amanota atandukanye yo kubika ibice.
Igisubizo: Aya magambo atatu yose afite ibisobanuro bimwe, ariko akenshi bikoreshwa muburyo bwo gukora ibizamini.
Igisubizo: Ikizamini cyo kurwanya insulation no kwihanganira ikizamini cya voltage birasa cyane.Koresha imbaraga za DC zingana na 1000V kumanota abiri kugirango ugerageze.Ikizamini cya IR mubisanzwe gitanga agaciro ko guhangana muri megohms, ntabwo Pass / Fail ihagarariwe kuva ikizamini cya Hipot.Mubisanzwe, voltage yikizamini ni 500V DC, kandi agaciro ko kurwanya insulasiyo (IR) ntigomba kuba munsi ya megohms nkeya.Ikizamini cyo kurwanya insulasiyo ni ikizamini kidasenya kandi gishobora kumenya niba insulation ari nziza.Mubisobanuro bimwe na bimwe, ikizamini cyo kurwanya insulasiyo gikorerwa mbere hanyuma kigahagarara ikizamini cya voltage.Iyo ikizamini cyo kurwanya insulasiyo cyananiranye, ikizamini cyo guhangana na voltage akenshi kirananirana.
Igisubizo: Ikizamini cyo guhuza ubutaka, abantu bamwe babyita ikomeza ryubutaka (Ground Continuity), bipima inzitizi hagati ya DUT rack na poste yubutaka.Ikizamini cyubutaka cyerekana niba imiyoboro ya DUT irinda ishobora gukemura bihagije amakosa yibicuruzwa niba ibicuruzwa binaniwe.Igeragezwa ryubutaka rizatanga amashanyarazi ntarengwa ya 30A DC cyangwa AC rms (CSA isaba gupima 40A) binyuze mumuzunguruko wubutaka kugirango hamenyekane inzitizi yumuzunguruko wubutaka, ubusanzwe buri munsi ya 0.1 oms.
Igisubizo: Ikizamini cya IR ni ikizamini cyujuje ubuziranenge gitanga icyerekezo cyiza cya sisitemu yo kubika.Ubusanzwe igeragezwa hamwe na DC ya voltage ya 500V cyangwa 1000V, kandi ibisubizo bipimwa hamwe na megohm irwanya.Ikizamini cyo kwihanganira voltage nacyo gikoresha voltage ndende kubikoresho biri kugeragezwa (DUT), ariko voltage ikoreshwa irarenze iy'ikizamini cya IR.Irashobora gukorwa kuri voltage ya AC cyangwa DC.Ibisubizo bipimirwa muri milliamps cyangwa microamps.Mubisobanuro bimwe, ikizamini cya IR gikorwa mbere, hagakurikiraho kwihanganira ikizamini cya voltage.Niba igikoresho kiri munsi yikizamini (DUT) cyananiwe ikizamini cya IR, igikoresho kiri mu kizamini (DUT) nacyo cyananiwe kwihanganira ikizamini cya voltage kuri voltage ndende.
Igisubizo: Intego yikizamini cyo kwangirika ni ukureba niba insinga ikingira ikingira ishobora kwihanganira urujya n'uruza rw'amakosa kugira ngo umutekano w'abakoresha ube mu gihe ibintu bidasanzwe bibaye mu bicuruzwa.Umuvuduko wipimisha wumutekano usaba ko voltage ntarengwa ifunguye-yumuzunguruko itagomba kurenza urugero rwa 12V, ishingiye kubitekerezo byumutekano wumukoresha.Iyo ikizamini cyatsinzwe kibaye, uyikoresha arashobora kugabanuka kubibazo byo guhitanwa n amashanyarazi.Igipimo rusange gisaba ko kurwanya ibitaka bigomba kuba munsi ya 0.1ohm.Birasabwa gukoresha ikizamini cya AC kigezweho hamwe na 50Hz cyangwa 60Hz kugirango uhuze ibidukikije bikora.
Igisubizo: Hariho itandukaniro riri hagati yikigereranyo cyumubyigano wikizamini nigeragezwa ryamashanyarazi, ariko muri rusange, itandukaniro rishobora kuvunagurwa muburyo bukurikira.Ikizamini cyo guhangana na voltage ni ugukoresha voltage nyinshi kugirango uhate ibicuruzwa kugirango umenye niba imbaraga zo kubika ibicuruzwa zihagije kugirango wirinde kumeneka gukabije.Ikizamini kigezweho ni ukupima imiyoboro yamenetse inyura mubicuruzwa munsi isanzwe kandi imwe-imwe yibintu bitanga amashanyarazi mugihe ibicuruzwa bikoreshwa.
Igisubizo: Itandukaniro mugihe cyo gusohora biterwa nubushobozi bwikintu cyapimwe hamwe numuzunguruko wo gusohora wa voltage wapima.Ubushobozi buke, niko igihe cyo gusohora gisabwa.
Igisubizo: Ibikoresho byo mu cyiciro cya I bivuze ko ibice byabayobora bigerwaho bihujwe nuyobora imiyoboro ikingira;mugihe insulasiyo yibanze yananiwe, umuyobozi wikingira urinda agomba kuba ashobora kwihanganira ikosa ryikosa, ni ukuvuga, mugihe insulasiyo yibanze yananiwe, ibice byoroshye ntibishobora guhinduka ibice byamashanyarazi bizima.Muri make, ibikoresho hamwe na pin yo hasi y'umugozi w'amashanyarazi ni ibikoresho byo mu cyiciro cya I.Ibikoresho byo mu cyiciro cya II ntabwo bishingiye gusa kuri "Basic Insulation" kugirango birinde amashanyarazi, ahubwo binatanga izindi ngamba zo kwirinda umutekano nka "Double Insulation" cyangwa "Insulation Reforforced Insulation".Nta bisabwa bijyanye no kwizerwa kwubutaka burinda cyangwa uburyo bwo kwishyiriraho.
