Igihugu cyanjye cyahindutse umusaruro munini ku isi ibikoresho byo murugo hamwe nibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki n'amashanyarazi, hamwe n'imvubu yoherezwa mu mahanga ikomeje kwiyongera. Hamwe numutekano wabaguzi, ukurikije amategeko yingirakamaro kwisi yose, abakora bakomeje kuzamura ibipimo byumutekano wibicuruzwa. Byongeye kandi, uwabikoze nawe yitondera cyane ubugenzuzi butekanye bwibicuruzwa mbere yo kuva muruganda. Hagati aho, umutekano w'imirimo y'amashanyarazi y'ibicuruzwa, birashoboka ko umutekano ubangamira ihungaminsi, ni ikintu gikomeye cyo kugenzura hagati aho.
Kugirango usobanukirwe imikorere yububiko bwibicuruzwa, igenamigambi ryibicuruzwa, imiterere, nibikoresho byububiko bifite ibisobanuro cyangwa ibisobanuro. Mubisanzwe, abakora bazakoresha uburyo butandukanye bwo kugenzura cyangwa kugerageza. Ariko, kubicuruzwa byamashanyarazi, hari ikizamini kigomba gukorwa, iyo ni iyubumuntu itandukanya ikizamini cyangwa ikizamini cya hipot, ikizamini cya vol Ibicuruzwa nibyiza cyangwa bibi; Irashobora kugaragarira nikizamini cyamashanyarazi.
Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwo guhangana na voltage osters kumasoko muri iki gihe. Ku bijyanye n'abakora ishoramari, uburyo bwo kuzigama ishoramari ry'imari kandi ibyo bakeneye kugura byingirakamaro guhangana na voltage ibikoresho bya voltage byabaye byinshi.
1. Ubwoko bwo guhangana na voltage Ikizamini (Itumanaho cyangwa DC)
Umurongo utanga umusaruro uhanganye n'ikizamini cya voltage, icyateye ikizamini gisanzwe (ikizamini gisanzwe), ukurikije ibicuruzwa bitandukanye, habaho itumanaho ryiteresha ikizamini cya voltage na DC nkurikirana ikizamini cya Voltage. Biragaragara, gushyikirana hagira ikizamini cya Voltage bigomba gusuzuma niba inshuro zibizamini byikigeragezo bihuye ninshuro zikoreshwa zikintu cyageragejwe; Kubwibyo, ubushobozi bwo guhinduranya ubwoko bwa voltage yikizamini hamwe no gutoranya ibintu byoroshye nimikorere yibanze yumubare wa voltage. .
2. Gerageza igipimo cya voltage
Mubisanzwe, ibisohoka byikizamini cyo kwipimisha bireba testers voltage ni 3kv, 5kv, 10kv, ndetse no hejuru, ndetse no hejuru, hamwe nibisohoka bya voltage ni 5kv cyangwa hejuru ya 12kv. Nigute umukoresha ahitamo igipimo gikwiye cyo gusaba kwe? Dukurikije ibyiciro bitandukanye byibicuruzwa, voltage yikizamini yibicuruzwa ifite amabwiriza yumutekano. Kurugero, muri IEC60335-1: 2001 (GB4706.1), ikizamini cya voltage ku bushyuhe bwo gukora gifite agaciro kigeragezwa kuri voltage. Muri IEC60950-1: 2001 (GB4943), voltage yikizamini yuburyo butandukanye nayo yerekanwe.
Ukurikije ubwoko bwibicuruzwa hamwe nibisobanuro bihuye, voltage yikizamini nayo iratandukanye. Kubijyanye numukozi rusange wahisemo 5KV na DC 6kv bahanganye na quoltage, birashobora kubahiriza ibikenewe, bikenerwa kugirango bahitemo ibicuruzwa bikoresha 10kv na 20kV Itumanaho cyangwa DC. Kubwibyo, gushobora kugenzura uko bishakiye ibisohoka Voltage nabyo nicyo gisabwa cyibanze cya voltage tester.
3. Igihe cyibibazo
Ukurikije ibisobanuro byibicuruzwa, Jenerali ahangana na logiteri ya voltage asaba amasegonda 60 icyo gihe. Ibi bigomba gushyirwa mu bikorwa mu miryango igenzurwa n'umutekano na laboratoire y'uruganda. Ariko, ikizamini nkiki ntigishobora gushyirwa mubikorwa kumurongo wo gutanga umusaruro muricyo gihe. Intumbero nyamukuru ni ku muvuduko wumusaruro no gukora neza, bityo ibizamini birebire ntibishobora guhaza ibyo bakeneye. Kubwamahirwe, amashyirahamwe menshi noneho yemerera guhitamo kugabanya igihe cyikizamini no kongera indoruzi yikizamini. Byongeye kandi, amabwiriza mashya yumutekano nayo atanga neza igihe cyibizamini. Kurugero, kumugereka A of IEC60335-1, IEC6099-1550-1 nibindi bisobanuro, bivugwa ko ikizamini gisanzwe (ikizamini gisanzwe) nigihe ni 1sec. Kubwibyo, igenamiterere ryigihe ryikizamini ni igikorwa nkenerwa cya qultage tester.
Icya kane, voltage itinda imikorere
Amabwiriza menshi y'umutekano, nka IEC60950-1, asobanura ibiranga ibisohoka mu kizamini ku buryo bukurikiranye bugomba kwipimirwa bugomba kwiyongera buhoro buhoro muri zeru ... "; IEC60335-1 ibisobanuro muri: "Mu ntangiriro yubushakashatsi, voltage yakoreshejwe ntabwo yarenze kuri kimwe cya kabiri cyumutungo usanzwe, hanyuma buhoro buhoro yiyongera ku gaciro kwuzuye." Andi mabwiriza yumutekano nayo afite ibisabwa, ni ukuvuga, voltage ntishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo butunguranye ikintu cyapimwe, kandi hagomba kubaho inzira itinda. Nubwo ibisobanuro bitagereranywa nibisabwa birambuye kugirango ibi bikatire birambuye, intego yayo ni ukubuza impinduka zitunguranye. Voltage ndende irashobora kwangiza imikorere yo kwinjiza ikintu cyapimwe.
Turabizi ko ikizamini cya voltage kigomba kuba icyageragejwe cyangiza, ahubwo kirimo uburyo bwo kugenzura inenge zibicuruzwa. Kubwibyo, ikizamini cya Voltage Voltage kigomba kugira imikorere itinda. Birumvikana, niba habonetse bidasanzwe mugihe cyihuse, igikoresho gikwiye guhita guhagarika umusaruro, kugirango ikizamini gifatanye gishyire mubikorwa neza.
Bitanu, guhitamo ikizamini
Dukurikije ibisabwa haruguru, dushobora kubona ko, mubyukuri, ibisabwa namabwiriza yumutekano kubijyanye na voltage ya voltage basuzugura mubyukuri ibisabwa. Ariko, ikindi gitekerezo muguhitamo ikizamini cya voltage nigipimo cyibipimo byubu. Mbere yubushakashatsi, birakenewe gushiraho voltage igerageza, ubushakashatsi nigihe cyagenwe cyagenwe (imipaka yo hejuru ya stewage ubu). Ubu ikurikirana voltage testers ku isoko ifata itumanaho ryagezweho nkurugero. Ibipimo ntarengwa byo kumeneka bishobora gupimwa ni hafi ya 3MA kugeza 100MA. Birumvikana ko urwego rwo hejuru rwibipimo bikimara gupima ubungubu, hejuru cyane. Birumvikana, hano dusuzumye by'agateganyo ibipimo biriho no gukemura kurwego rumwe! None, nigute wahitamo igikoresho kigukwiriye? Hano, turashaka kandi ibisubizo bimwe na bimwe bivuye mubisobanuro.
Dufatiye mu buryo bukurikira, dushobora kubona uburyo ikizamini cya Voltage kigizwe n'ibisobanuro:
Izina ryerekana imvugo mugusobanura kugirango umenye ibiruhuko byo gusenyuka
IEC60065: 2001 (GB8898)
"Ibisabwa n'umutekano ku majwi, videwo n'ibikoresho bisa na elegitoronike" 10.3.2 ...... mu kizamini cy'imbaraga z'amashanyarazi, niba nta flashover cyangwa gusenyuka, ibikoresho bifatwa nk'ibisabwa.
IEC60335-1: 2001 (GB4706.1)
Ati: "Umutekano w'inzu hamwe n'ibikoresho bisa by'amashanyarazi igice cya 1: Ibisabwa muri rusange" 13.3 Mugihe cyubushakashatsi, ntihagomba gusenyuka.
IEC60950-1: 2001 (GB4943)
Ati: "Umutekano wibikoresho byikoranabuhanga" 5.2.1 Mugihe cyubushakashatsi, insulation ntigomba gucika.
IEC60598-1: 1999 (GB7000.1)
"Ibisabwa n'umutekano rusange n'ubushakashatsi ku matara na lantens" 10.2.2 ... Mugihe cyubushakashatsi, nta flashover cyangwa gusenyuka bizabaho.
Imbonerahamwe I.
Irashobora kugaragara ku mbonerahamwe ya 1 Ibyo mubyukuri, muribi bisobanuro, nta makuru yumvikana yo kumenya niba insulation itemewe. Muyandi magambo, ntabwo akubwira umubare wibicuruzwa bigezweho byujuje ibisabwa cyangwa bidasubirwaho. Birumvikana, hariho amategeko akwiye yerekeye imipaka ntarengwa yuburyo bwagenwe nubushobozi bwo kugenzura voltage tester; Umubare ntarengwa wagenwe nugukora ikiremwa cyo kurengerwa (mumwanya wa taster Voltage) igikorwa cyo kwerekana ko habaho gusenya ikiriho, uzwi kandi kurugendo rugezweho. Ibisobanuro byiyi ngingo muburyo butandukanye bwerekanwe mu mbonerahamwe ya 2.
Kugaragaza Umutwe ntarengwa uzwi cyane (urugendo rwubu) Bigufi Yumuzunguruko
IEC60065: 2001 (GB8898)
"Ibisabwa n'umutekano ku majwi, videwo n'ibikoresho bisa na elegitoronike" 10.3.2 ...... Iyo ibisohoka bimaze kuba munsi ya 100ma, igikoresho kirenze urugero ntigikwiye gucika intege. Ikizamini cya voltage kigomba gutangwa nimbaraga. Imbaraga zigomba gutegurwa kugirango hamenyekane neza kugirango hamenyekane kurwego rujyanye no gusohoka hamwe na terminal irangiye, ibisohoka bimaze kuba byibura 200ma.
IEC60335-1: 2001 (GB4706.1)
"Umutekano w'ingo hamwe n'ibikoresho bisa by'amashanyarazi igice cya 1: Ibisabwa muri rusange" 13.3: Urugendo Ruragezweho Ir Amazori
<4000 ir = 100ma 200ma
≧ 4000 na <10000 ir = 40ma 80ma
≧ 10000 na ≦ 20000 ir = 20ma 40ma
IEC60950-1: 2001 (GB4943)
"Umutekano wibikoresho byikoranabuhanga" ntabwo byavuzwe neza ntabwo byavuzwe neza
IEC60598-1: 1999 (GB7000.1-2002)
"Ibisabwa mu mutekano rusange n'ubushakashatsi bw'itara na lantens" 10.2.2 ...... Iyo ibisohoka bimaze kuba munsi ya 100ma, relay yo hejuru ntigomba gucika intege. Kumurongo muremure wa Voltage ukoreshwa mubushakashatsi, mugihe ibisohoka Voltage yahinduwe kuri voltage ihuye nibisohoka ni make yumuzerwe, ibisohoka byibura 200ma
Imbonerahamwe II
Nigute washyiraho agaciro keza k'ubumwe
Duhereye ku mabwiriza y'umutekano wavuzwe haruguru, abakora benshi bazagira ibibazo. Ni bangahe mbere yashyizweho mu bikorwa byatoranijwe? Mu cyiciro cya mbere, twavuze neza ko ubushobozi bwo gukorera hamwe bugomba kuba 500va. Niba ikizamini cya voltage ari 5kv, noneho umurongo uriho ugomba kuba 100ma. Noneho birasa nkaho ubushobozi bwa 800va kugeza 100va ndetse birakenewe. Ariko uwabikoze muri rusange akora ibi bikenewe? Kubera ko tuzi ko ubwinshi bunini, umubare wibikoresho byashowe, kandi nabyo ni bibi kubakoresha. Guhitamo igikoresho bigomba gusuzuma byimazeyo umubano uhuye nibisabwa bisabwa nibikoresho.
Mubyukuri, mugihe cyo gukora umurongo wakazi upima abakora benshi, imipaka yo hejuru yubusa ikoresha indangagaciro zisanzwe: nka 5ma, 10ma, 10ma kugeza 100ma. Byongeye kandi, uburambe buratubwira ko indangagaciro zapimwe hamwe nibisabwa byizi mipaka mubyukuri. Ariko, birasabwa ko mugihe cyo guhitamo gukurikiranya voltage tester, nibyiza kugenzura nibisobanuro byibicuruzwa.
Hitamo neza kwihanganira ibikoresho byo kwipimisha voltage
Mubisanzwe, mugihe uhitamo ikizamini cya voltage, hashobora kuba ikosa mukumenya no gusobanukirwa amategeko yumutekano. Dukurikije amabwiriza rusange yumutekano, urugendo rugezweho ni 100ma, hamwe numuzunguruko mugufi kugirango ugere kuri 200MA. Niba bisobanuwe neza nkicyitwa 200ma uhanganye na voltage tester ni amakosa akomeye. Nkuko tubizi, mugihe ibisohoka bifitanye isano na voltage ari 5kv; Niba ibisohoka bigezweho ari 100ma, ikizamini cya Voltage Voltage gifite ubushobozi buke bwa 500va (5kv x 100ma). Iyo ibisohoka biriho ari 200ma, bikenera gukuba kabiri ubushobozi busohoka kuri 1000va. Ibisobanuro nk'ibi bizavamo umutwaro w'igiciro cyo kugura ibikoresho. Niba ingengo yimari ifite imipaka; Mubisanzwe ushoboye kugura ibikoresho bibiri, kubera amakosa yibisobanuro, umwe gusa arashobora kugurwa. Kubwibyo, uhereye kubisobanuro byavuzwe haruguru, urashobora kubona ko uwabikoze ahitamo mubyukuri ahangana na voltage. Niba guhitamo ibintu byinshi kandi byuzuye bishingiye kubiranga ibicuruzwa nibisabwa kubisobanuro. Niba uhisemo igikoresho kinini nibikoresho, bizaba imyanda ikabije, ihame ryibanze nuko niba bihagije, ni ubukungu bwinshi.
Mu gusoza
Birumvikana, kubera ibintu bigoye bipima, ibisubizo by'ikizamini bigira ingaruka cyane ku bintu nk'ibikoresho byakozwe n'abantu n'ibidukikije, kandi ibyo bintu bizagira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku giciro gifite inenge cya Ibicuruzwa. Hitamo ikintu cyiza uhanganye na voltage, fata ingingo zingenzi zavuzwe haruguru, kandi wizere ko uzashobora guhitamo ikizamini cya voltage kibereye kubicuruzwa byawe. Nuburyo bwo kwirinda no kugabanya gucira urubanza rubi, nicyo gice cyingenzi cyikizarugero.
Igihe cyagenwe: Feb-06-2021
