Igihugu cyanjye cyahindutse Umusaruro munini ku Isi ku bikoresho byo mu rugo n'ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki n'amashanyarazi, kandi ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bikomeje kwiyongera.Hamwe Numutekano wibicuruzwa byabaguzi, Mubijyanye namategeko n'amabwiriza akwiye kwisi yose, Ababikora bakomeje kunoza ibipimo byumutekano wibicuruzwa.Mubyongeyeho, uwabikoze nawe yitondera cyane kugenzura neza ibicuruzwa mbere yo kuva muruganda.Hagati aho, Umutekano Wumurimo Wamashanyarazi Yibicuruzwa, Ahari Umutekano Kurwanya Amashanyarazi, Nibintu Byingenzi Kugenzura Ikintu Hagati.
Kugirango dusobanukirwe nigikorwa cyibicuruzwa byigikorwa, Igenamigambi ryibicuruzwa, imiterere, nibikoresho byo kubika bifite aho bihurira cyangwa Ibisobanuro.Mubisanzwe, Ababikora bazakoresha uburyo butandukanye bwo kugenzura cyangwa kugerageza.Nyamara, Kubicuruzwa byamashanyarazi, Hariho ubwoko bwikizamini kigomba gukorwa, Nicyo-Dielectric Kwihanganira Ikizamini, Rimwe na rimwe Byerekanwa Nka Ikizamini cya Hipot Cyangwa Ikizamini cya Hipot, Ikizamini cya Voltage Yinshi, Ikizamini Cy’amashanyarazi, Ibindi. Ibicuruzwa nibyiza cyangwa bibi;Irashobora kugaragazwa nikizamini cyamashanyarazi.
Hariho Ubwoko Bwinshi Bwihanganira Ibizamini bya Voltage Kumasoko Muri iki gihe.Mugihe Ababikora Bahangayikishijwe, Nigute Wokuzigama Ishoramari Ryabo Nabo Bakeneye Kugura Byingirakamaro Kurwanya Ibizamini bya Voltage Byabaye Byinshi kandi Byingenzi.
1. Ubwoko bwo Kwihanganira Ikizamini cya Voltage (Itumanaho cyangwa DC)
Umurongo Wumusaruro Wihanganira Ikizamini cya Voltage, Icyiswe Ikizamini Cyinzira (Ikizamini Cyinzira), Ukurikije Ibicuruzwa Bitandukanye, Hariho Itumanaho Rirwanya Ikizamini cya Voltage na DC Ihangane Ikizamini cya Voltage.Ikigaragara ni uko Itumanaho Rirwanya Ikizamini cya Voltage kigomba gusuzuma niba Inshuro Yumwanya wo Kwipimisha Umuvuduko Uhuza na Frequency Frequency yikintu cyageragejwe;Kubwibyo, Ubushobozi bwo Guhitamo Byoroshye Ubwoko bwikigereranyo cyumubyigano hamwe nuburyo bworoshye bwo guhitamo Itumanaho rya Voltage Umuyoboro Nibikorwa Byibanze Byumwanya wo Kwipimisha..
2. Ikigereranyo cyumubyigano
Mubisanzwe, Ibisohoka Ibipimo Byibipimo Byibipimo Byitumanaho Byihanganira Ikigereranyo Cyumubyigano Ni 3KV, 5KV, 10KV, 20KV, Ndetse Ndetse Hejuru, Kandi Ibisohoka Umuvuduko wa DC Wihanganira Ikizamini cya Voltage ni 5KV, 6KV Cyangwa Ndetse Hejuru ya 12KV.Nigute Umukoresha ahitamo igipimo gikwiye cya voltage kugirango asabe?Ukurikije ibyiciro bitandukanye byibicuruzwa, Umuvuduko wikizamini cyibicuruzwa ufite amabwiriza ajyanye n’umutekano.Kurugero, Muri IEC60335-1: 2001 (GB4706.1), Ihangane rya Voltage Ikigereranyo Cyubushyuhe bukora Ifite Agaciro Ikizamini Kuri Kurwanya Umuvuduko.Muri IEC60950-1: 2001 (GB4943), Umuvuduko wikizamini cyubwoko butandukanye bwubwishingizi nabwo bwerekanwe.
Ukurikije ibicuruzwa Ubwoko nibisobanuro bihuye, Umuvuduko wikizamini nawo uratandukanye.Kubyerekeye Guhitamo Inganda Rusange ya 5KV na DC 6KV Kurwanya Ibipimo bya Voltage, Irashobora Guhuza Byibanze, Ariko Kubyerekeye Amashyirahamwe Yihariye Yipimisha Cyangwa Ababikora kugirango basubize ibicuruzwa bitandukanye, Birashobora kuba ngombwa guhitamo ibicuruzwa bikoresha 10KV na 20KV Itumanaho cyangwa DC.Kubwibyo, Kuba ushoboye kugenzura uko bishakiye Ibisohoka Umuvuduko Nibisohoka Byibanze Byibanze Byumwanya wo Kwipimisha.
3. Igihe cyo Kubaza
Ukurikije ibicuruzwa bisobanurwa, Rusange Ihangane na Voltage Ikizamini gisaba amasegonda 60 mugihe.Ibi bigomba gushyirwa mubikorwa cyane mumashyirahamwe agenzura umutekano na laboratoire yinganda.Ariko, Ikizamini nkiki Ntibishoboka ko Bishyirwa mubikorwa Kumurongo Wumusaruro Icyo gihe.Ibyibanze Byibanze Kumuvuduko Wumusaruro no Gukora neza, Ibizamini Byigihe kirekire ntibishobora guhaza ibikenewe bifatika.Kubwamahirwe, Amashyirahamwe menshi noneho yemerera guhitamo kugabanya igihe cyikizamini no kongera umuvuduko wikizamini.Mubyongeyeho, Amabwiriza mashya yumutekano nayo yerekana neza igihe cyikizamini.Kurugero, Kumugereka A Ya IEC60335-1, IEC60950-1 Nibindi bisobanuro, Bivugwa ko Ikizamini cya Routine (Ikizamini cya Routine) Igihe ari 1sec.Kubwibyo, Gushiraho Igihe cyikizamini Nacyo ni Igikorwa cya ngombwa cyo Kwihanganira Umuvuduko wa Voltage.
Icya kane, Umuvuduko Buhoro Buhoro Imikorere
Amabwiriza menshi yumutekano, nka IEC60950-1, Dondora Ibisohoka Ibiranga Umuvuduko Wibizamini Nkuko bikurikira: "Umuvuduko wikizamini ukoreshwa mubushakashatsi uri mukigeragezo ugomba kwiyongera buhoro buhoro kuva kuri zeru kugeza ku giciro gisanzwe cya voltage…";IEC60335-1 Ibisobanuro ::Andi mabwiriza y’umutekano nayo afite ibyo asabwa, ni ukuvuga, Umuvuduko ntushobora gukoreshwa gitunguranye kubintu byapimwe, kandi hagomba kubaho inzira yo kuzamuka buhoro.Nubwo Ibisobanuro bidasobanura neza igihe gisabwa kugirango uku kuzamuka gahoro gahoro, Intego yacyo ni ukurinda impinduka zitunguranye.Umuvuduko mwinshi urashobora kwangiza imikorere yimikorere yikintu cyapimwe.
Turabizi ko Kwihanganira Ikizamini cya Voltage Ntigomba Kuba Ikigeragezo Cyangiza, Ariko Uburyo bwo Kugenzura Inenge Yibicuruzwa.Kubwibyo, Ihangane rya Voltage Ikizamini kigomba kugira imikorere Yihuta.Birumvikana, Niba Ubudasanzwe bubonetse mugihe cyo Kuzamuka Buhoro Buhoro, Igikoresho kigomba kuba gishobora guhita gihagarika ibisohoka, kugirango ibizamini bihuze bituma imikorere irushaho kuba nziza.
Gatanu, Guhitamo Ikizamini Kigezweho
Duhereye kubisabwa Hejuru, Turashobora Kubona Ibyo, Mubyukuri, Ibisabwa Amabwiriza Yumutekano Yerekeranye no Kwipimisha Umuvuduko wa Voltage Mubanze Utange Ibisabwa Byuzuye.Ariko, Ikindi Kuzirikana muguhitamo Ikizamini cya Voltage Ikigereranyo Nubunini bwa Leakage Ibipimo Byubu.Mbere yubushakashatsi, Birakenewe Gushiraho Umuvuduko wikigereranyo, Igihe cyikigereranyo nigihe cyagenwe (Umupaka wo hejuru wa Leakage Current).Ibiriho Byihanganira Ibipimo Byamashanyarazi Kumasoko Fata Itumanaho Ryubu Nkurugero.Ikigereranyo ntarengwa gishobora gupimwa Hafi ya 3mA kugeza 100mA.Byamasomo, Hejuru Igipimo cyo Kumeneka Ibipimo Byubu, Hejuru Igiciro Cyagereranijwe.Birumvikana, Hano Turasuzuma by'agateganyo Ibipimo Byapimwe Byukuri no Gukemura Kurwego Rumwe!None, Nigute ushobora guhitamo igikoresho kibereye?Hano, Turareba kandi Ibisubizo Bimwe Mubisobanuro.
Duhereye ku Bikurikira Bikurikira, Turashobora Kubona Uburyo bwo Kwihanganira Ikizamini cya Voltage Igenwa Mubisobanuro:
Umutwe Umutwe Imvugo Mubisobanuro Kugaragaza Kugirango habeho Gusenyuka
IEC60065: 2001 (GB8898)
“Ibisabwa byumutekano kubijwi, videwo nibindi bikoresho bya elegitoroniki” 10.3.2 …… Mugihe cyikizamini cyimbaraga zamashanyarazi, Niba nta Flashover cyangwa Gucika, Ibikoresho Bifatwa ko byujuje ibisabwa.
IEC60335-1: 2001 (GB4706.1)
“Umutekano w'urugo n'ibikoresho bisa n'amashanyarazi Igice cya 1: Ibisabwa muri rusange” 13.3 Mugihe cy'igeragezwa, Ntihakagombye kubaho gusenyuka.
IEC60950-1: 2001 (GB4943)
“Umutekano wibikoresho byikoranabuhanga byamakuru” 5.2.1 Mugihe cyigeragezwa, Insulation ntigomba gucika.
IEC60598-1: 1999 (GB7000.1)
"Ibisabwa muri rusange Umutekano hamwe nubushakashatsi bwamatara n'amatara" 10.2.2… Mugihe c'igeragezwa, Nta Flashover cyangwa Kumeneka bizabaho.
Imbonerahamwe I.
Irashobora Kuboneka Kuva kumeza 1 Ko Mubyukuri, Muri ibi bisobanuro, Nta mibare isobanutse yuzuye yo kumenya niba insulasiyo itemewe.Muyandi magambo, ntabwo akubwira umubare wibicuruzwa byubu byujuje ibisabwa cyangwa bitujuje ibisabwa.Byamasomo, Hariho Amategeko Yingenzi Yerekeye Ntarengwa Ntarengwa Yagenwe Kugeza ubu hamwe nubushobozi busabwa bwo kwihanganira ikizamini cya voltage mu bisobanuro;Ntarengwa ntarengwa Yagenwe Yubu Nugukora Kurinda Kurenza Ibirindiro (Muri The standance Voltage Tester) Itegeko Kugaragaza Ibibaho Kumeneka Ibiriho, Bizwi kandi nkurugendo rwubu.Ibisobanuro by'iyi mipaka muburyo butandukanye byerekanwe mu mbonerahamwe ya 2.
Ibisobanuro Umutwe Ntarengwa Ugezweho (Urugendo Rugezweho) Mugufi-Umuzunguruko
IEC60065: 2001 (GB8898)
"Ibisabwa byumutekano kubijwi, videwo nibindi bikoresho bya elegitoroniki" 10.3.2 …… Iyo Ibisohoka Ibiri munsi ya 100mA, Igikoresho kirenze urugero ntigikwiye guhagarikwa.Umuvuduko wikizamini ugomba gutangwa n amashanyarazi.Isoko ry'amashanyarazi rigomba gutegurwa kugirango harebwe niba mugihe Umuvuduko wikizamini uhinduwe kurwego rujyanye kandi na Terminal isohoka ni ngufi-izunguruka, Ibisohoka bigomba kuba byibuze 200mA.
IEC60335-1: 2001 (GB4706.1)
"Umutekano w'urugo n'ibikoresho bisa n'amashanyarazi Igice cya 1: Ibisabwa muri rusange" 13.3: Urugendo Ibiriho Ir Bigufi-Inzira Zigezweho ni
<4000 Ir = 100mA 200mA
≧ 4000 Kandi <10000 Ir = 40mA 80mA
≧ 10000 Kandi ≦ 20000 Ir = 20mA 40mA
IEC60950-1: 2001 (GB4943)
"Umutekano wibikoresho byikoranabuhanga byamakuru" Ntabwo byavuzwe neza ntabwo bivuzwe neza
IEC60598-1: 1999 (GB7000.1-2002)
"Ibisabwa muri rusange Umutekano hamwe nubushakashatsi bwamatara n'amatara" 10.2.2 …… Iyo Ibisohoka Ibisohoka bitarenze 100mA, Icyerekezo kirenze ntigikwiye guhagarikwa.Kuri Transformer Yumubyigano Winshi Byakoreshejwe Mubigeragezo, Iyo Ibisohoka Umuvuduko Uhinduwe na Voltage Yikigereranyo Yihuza Kandi Ibisohoka ni Bigufi-Byizunguruka, Ibisohoka Ibiriho byibuze 200mA
Imbonerahamwe II
Nigute Gushiraho Agaciro Neza Kumeneka Yubu
Duhereye kumabwiriza yo hejuru yumutekano, Ababikora benshi bazagira ibibazo.Ni kangahe Kumeneka Kumurongo Wibikorwa Byatoranijwe?Mubyiciro Byambere, Twavuze neza ko Ubushobozi bwikigereranyo cyumubyigano ukenera kuba 500VA.Niba Umuvuduko wikizamini ari 5KV, Noneho Amashanyarazi agezweho agomba kuba 100mA.Noneho Birasa nkaho Ubushobozi busabwa 800VA Kuri 1000VA Ndetse burakenewe.Ariko Ese Uruganda Rusange rusanzwe rufite ibyo rukeneye?Kubera ko Tuzi ko Ubunini Nubushobozi, Nibiciro Byinshi Byibikoresho Byashowe, kandi Nabwo Biteye Akaga Kubakoresha.Guhitamo Igikoresho bigomba Kuzirikana Byuzuye Isano Ihuza Hagati y'Ibisabwa Ibisabwa n'Ibikoresho.
Mubyukuri, Mugihe cyo Kugerageza Umurongo wo Kugerageza Mubikorwa Byinshi Mubukora, Umupaka wo hejuru wa Leakage Muri rusange Ukoresha Indangagaciro Zisanzwe Zisanzwe Zigezweho: Nka 5mA, 8mA, 10mA, 20mA, 30mA kugeza 100mA.Byongeye kandi, Ubunararibonye butubwira ko Indangagaciro zapimwe nukuri hamwe nibisabwa muriyi mipaka mubyukuri biri kure yabandi.Ariko, Birasabwa ko Mugihe Guhitamo Bikwiye Kurwanya Ikigereranyo Cyumubyigano, Nibyiza Kugenzura Nibisobanuro byibicuruzwa.
Hitamo neza Kwihanganira Ibikoresho byo Kugerageza
Mubisanzwe, Mugihe Uhitamo Ikizamini Cyumubyigano, Hashobora kubaho Ikosa ryo Kumenya no Gusobanukirwa Amabwiriza Yumutekano.Ukurikije Amabwiriza Rusange yumutekano, Urugendo rugezweho ni 100mA, hamwe nigihe gito-kizunguruka gikeneye kugera kuri 200mA.Niba Byasobanuwe mu buryo butaziguye nkibyo bita 200mA Yihanganira Ikizamini cya Voltage Ikosa rikomeye.Nkuko Turabizi, Iyo Ibisohoka Byihanganira Umuvuduko Ni 5KV;Niba Ibisohoka Ibiriho ni 100mA, Ihangane rya Voltage Yipimisha Ifite Ubushobozi Bwisohoka bwa 500VA (5KV X 100mA).Iyo Ibisohoka Ibiriho ni 200mA, Irakeneye Kwikuba kabiri Ubushobozi bwo Gusohoka Kuri 1000VA.Ibisobanuro nk'ibi Ibisobanuro bizavamo ikiguzi kiremereye kugura ibikoresho.Niba ingengo yimari igarukira;Mubisanzwe Bashoboye Kugura Ibikoresho bibiri, Bitewe namakosa yo gusobanura, imwe yonyine irashobora kugurwa.Kubwibyo, Uhereye hejuru yo gusobanurwa, Birashobora kuboneka ko uwabikoze ahitamo mubyukuri kwihanganira ibizamini bya voltage.Niba Guhitamo Ingano-Ubushobozi Nini-Igikoresho Igikoresho Biterwa nibiranga ibicuruzwa nibisabwa mubisobanuro.Niba uhisemo igikoresho kinini-Ibikoresho nibikoresho, Bizaba imyanda nini cyane, Ihame shingiro Nuko Niba bihagije, nubukungu cyane.
Mu mwanzuro
Birumvikana, Bitewe nuburyo Bugoye bwo Gukora Umurongo Wibizamini, Ibisubizo byikizamini bigira ingaruka zikomeye kubintu nkibintu byakozwe n'abantu n’ibidukikije, bizagira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ibisubizo by’ibizamini, kandi ibyo bintu bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku gipimo cyiza cya Ibicuruzwa.Hitamo Ikigereranyo Cyiza Cyumubyigano, Fata Hejuru Yingingo Zingenzi, kandi Wizere ko Uzabasha Guhitamo Ikizamini Cyumubyigano Ukwiranye nibicuruzwa byawe.Kubyerekeye Uburyo bwo Kwirinda no Kugabanya Urubanza Rudakwiye, Nibindi Bice Byingenzi Byikizamini Cyumuvuduko.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-06-2021
