Kurinda inkuba nigice cyingenzi cyamashyirahamwe akoresha ibikoresho byamashanyarazi byoroshye, cyane cyane mubikorwa byo gutangaza amakuru.Bifitanye isano numurongo wambere wo kwirinda inkuba na voltage izamuka ni sisitemu yo guhagarara.Keretse niba byateguwe kandi bigashyirwaho neza, uburinzi ubwo aribwo bwose ntibukora.
Imwe muma mbuga zacu zohereza kuri TV iherereye hejuru yumusozi muremure wa metero 900 kandi izwiho guhura n’umurabyo.Mperutse gushingwa gucunga imbuga zacu zose zohereza;kubwibyo, ikibazo nahawe.
Inkuba yakubise mu 2015 yateje umuriro w'amashanyarazi, kandi generator ntiyahagaritse gukora iminsi ibiri ikurikiranye.Nkimara kugenzura, nasanze fonction transformateur ya fuse yarashize.Nabonye kandi ko uburyo bushya bwo kwimura bwikora (ATS) LCD yerekana ari ubusa.Kamera yumutekano yangiritse, kandi gahunda ya videwo kuva kuri microwave irahari.
Kugirango ibintu birusheho kuba bibi, mugihe imbaraga zingirakamaro zagaruwe, ATS iraturika.Kugirango dusubire guhumeka, nahatiwe guhindura ATS intoki.Igihombo giteganijwe kirenga $ 5,000.
Mu buryo butangaje, LEA ibyiciro bitatu 480V birinda kubaga nta kimenyetso cyo gukora na gato.Ibi byanteye inyungu kuko bigomba kurinda ibikoresho byose kurubuga kubintu nkibi.Igishimishije, kohereza ni byiza.
Nta byangombwa byo kwishyiriraho sisitemu yo hasi, ntabwo rero nshobora kumva sisitemu cyangwa inkoni yo hasi.Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 1, ubutaka buri ku rubuga ni buto cyane, kandi ubutaka busigaye hepfo bukozwe mu rutare rwa Novaculite, nka insulire ishingiye kuri silika.Muri ubu butaka, inkoni zisanzwe zubutaka ntizikora, nkeneye kumenya niba barashyizeho inkoni yubutaka kandi niba ikiri mubuzima bwingirakamaro.
Hano hari ibikoresho byinshi bijyanye no gupima ubutaka kuri interineti.Kugirango nkore ibi bipimo, nahisemo metero yo kurwanya Fluke 1625, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 2. Nibikoresho byinshi bishobora gukoresha inkoni yubutaka gusa cyangwa guhuza inkoni yubutaka na sisitemu yo gupima ubutaka.Usibye ibi, hari inyandiko zisaba, abantu bashobora gukurikiza byoroshye kugirango babone ibisubizo nyabyo.Iyi ni metero ihenze, nuko dukodesha imwe kugirango dukore akazi.
Ba injeniyeri ba Broadcast bamenyereye gupima ubukana bwurwanya, kandi rimwe gusa, tuzabona agaciro nyako.Kurwanya ubutaka biratandukanye.Icyo dushakisha ni ukurwanya ubutaka buzengurutse buzatanga mugihe amashanyarazi arenze.
Nakoresheje uburyo bwa "bushobora kugabanuka" mugihe cyo gupima guhangana, igitekerezo cyacyo gisobanurwa mubishusho 1 na shusho 2. 3 kugeza 5.
Mu gishushanyo cya 3, hari inkoni yubutaka E yuburebure bwatanzwe hamwe nikirundo C gifite intera runaka uvuye ku nkoni yubutaka E. Inkomoko ya voltage VS ihujwe hagati yombi, izabyara E iri hagati yikirundo C na the inkoni y'ubutaka.Dukoresheje voltmeter, dushobora gupima voltage VM hagati yombi.Iyo twegereye E, niko voltage VM iba hasi.VM ni zeru ku butaka E. Ku rundi ruhande, iyo dupimye voltage yegereye ikirundo C, VM iba ndende.Kuringaniza C, VM ingana na voltage isoko VS.Dukurikije amategeko ya Ohm, turashobora gukoresha voltage VM na C iriho ubu yatewe na VS kugirango tubashe guhangana nubutaka bwumwanda.
Dufashe ko kugirango tuganire, intera iri hagati yinkoni yubutaka E na pile C ni metero 100, kandi voltage ipimwa kuri metero 10 kuva inkoni yubutaka E kugeza ikirundo C. Niba utegura ibisubizo, umurongo wo guhangana ugomba kugaragara nkishusho 4.
Igice kiboneye ni agaciro ko kurwanya ubutaka, ni urugero rwingaruka zinkoni yubutaka.Hejuru yibyo bigize igice kinini cyisi, kandi imigezi yo hejuru ntizongera kwinjira.Urebye ko inzitizi igenda yiyongera muri iki gihe, ibi birumvikana.
Niba inkoni y'ubutaka ifite uburebure bwa metero 8, ubusanzwe ikirundo C gishyirwa kuri metero 100, naho igice kiringaniye cyumurongo ni metero 62.Ibisobanuro birambuye bya tekinike ntibishobora kuvugwa hano, ariko murashobora kubisanga mubisobanuro bimwe bivuye muri Fluke Corp.
Igenamiterere ukoresheje Fluke 1625 ryerekanwe ku gishushanyo cya 5. Metero 1625 yo guhangana nubutaka ifite imashini itanga ingufu za voltage, ishobora gusoma agaciro ko guhangana kuva kuri metero;nta mpamvu yo kubara agaciro ka ohm.
Gusoma nigice cyoroshye, kandi igice kitoroshye ni ugutwara voltage.Kugirango ubone gusoma neza, inkoni yubutaka yaciwe na sisitemu yo hasi.Kubwimpamvu z'umutekano, turemeza neza ko bidashoboka ko inkuba cyangwa imikorere idahwitse mugihe cyo kurangiza, kuko sisitemu yose ireremba hasi mugihe cyo gupima.
Igishushanyo 6: Sisitemu ya Lyncole XIT.Umugozi waciwe werekanye ntabwo arumuhuza nyamukuru wa sisitemu yo hasi.Ahanini ahujwe nubutaka.
Iyo nitegereje, nasanze inkoni y'ubutaka (Igishusho 6), mubyukuri ninkoni yubutaka yakozwe na Lyncole Systems.Inkoni y'ubutaka igizwe na santimetero 8 z'umurambararo, umwobo wa metero 10 wuzuye imvange idasanzwe y'ibumba yitwa Lynconite.Hagati yu mwobo hari umuyoboro wumuringa wubusa ufite uburebure bwa diametero 2.Hybride Lynconite itanga imbaraga nke cyane kubutaka.Hari uwambwiye ko mugikorwa cyo gushiraho iyi nkoni, ibisasu byakoreshwaga mu gukora umwobo.
Iyo voltage hamwe nibirundo byubu bimaze guterwa mubutaka, insinga ihujwe kuva kuri buri kirundo kugeza kuri metero nayo, aho hasomwe agaciro ko guhangana.
Nabonye ubutaka bwo kurwanya 7 ohm, nigiciro cyiza.Amategeko y’amashanyarazi asaba electrode yubutaka kuba 25 oms cyangwa munsi yayo.Bitewe nuburyo bworoshye bwibikoresho, inganda zitumanaho zisanzwe zisaba 5 oms cyangwa munsi yayo.Ibindi bimera binini byinganda bisaba kurwanya ubutaka buke.
Nkumwitozo, burigihe nshakisha inama nubushishozi kubantu bafite uburambe muri ubu bwoko bwakazi.Nabajije Inkunga ya Tekinike ya Fluke kubyerekeye kunyuranya na bimwe mubisomwa nabonye.Bavuze ko rimwe na rimwe ibiti bidashobora guhuza neza nubutaka (ahari kubera ko urutare rukomeye).
Ku rundi ruhande, Lyncole Ground Systems, ikora inkoni zo ku butaka, yavuze ko ibyinshi mu bisomwa ari bike cyane.Bategereje gusoma cyane.Ariko, iyo nsomye ingingo zerekeye inkoni zubutaka, iri tandukaniro ribaho.Ubushakashatsi bwafashe ibipimo buri mwaka mumyaka 10 bwerekanye ko 13-40% byibyo basomye bitandukanye nibindi bisomwa.Bakoresheje kandi inkoni imwe y'ubutaka twakoresheje.Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa kurangiza gusoma byinshi.
Nasabye undi rwiyemezamirimo w'amashanyarazi gushiraho insinga zikomeye zubutaka kuva ku nyubako kugera ku nkoni y'ubutaka kugira ngo hirindwe ubujura bw'umuringa.Bakoze kandi ikindi gipimo cyo kurwanya ubutaka.Ariko, imvura yaguye iminsi mike mbere yuko bafata gusoma kandi agaciro babonye kari munsi ya 7 oms (nafashe gusoma mugihe cyumye cyane).Nkurikije ibisubizo, ndizera ko inkoni yubutaka ikiri mumeze neza.
Igishushanyo 7: Reba ihuza nyamukuru rya sisitemu yo hasi.Nubwo sisitemu yubutaka ihujwe ninkoni yubutaka, clamp irashobora gukoreshwa kugirango igenzure ubutaka.
Nimuye 480V ya suppressor ya surge kumurongo kugeza kumurongo nyuma yumuryango winjira, kuruhande rwibanze nyamukuru.Kera kari mu mfuruka yinyubako.Igihe cyose habaye inkuba, aha hantu hashya hashyirwa suppressor ya surge kumwanya wambere.Icya kabiri, intera iri hagati yacyo ninkoni yubutaka igomba kuba mugufi bishoboka.Muri gahunda yabanjirije iyi, ATS yaje imbere ya byose kandi ihora ifata iyambere.Insinga z'ibyiciro bitatu zahujwe na surge suppressor hamwe nubutaka bwayo bikozwe bigufi kugirango bigabanye inzitizi.
Nongeye gusubira gukora iperereza kubibazo bidasanzwe, kuki suppressor yo kubaga idakora mugihe ATS yaturikaga mugihe inkuba.Iki gihe, nasuzumye neza ibice byose bitagira aho bibogamiye hamwe na panne yamashanyarazi yose, ibyuma bitanga amashanyarazi, hamwe na transmitter.
Nabonye ko guhuza ubutaka bwumurongo wingenzi wamashanyarazi wabuze!Aha kandi niho suppressor ya surge na ATS iba ishingiye (iyi rero nayo niyo mpamvu ituma suppressor ya surge idakora).
Byatakaye kuko umujura wumuringa yaciye umurongo kumwanya mbere yuko ATS ishyirwaho.Ba injeniyeri babanje gusana insinga zose zubutaka, ariko ntibashoboye kugarura imiyoboro yubutaka kumwanya wamashanyarazi.Umugozi waciwe ntabwo byoroshye kubona kuko uri inyuma yikibaho.Nakosoye iyi connection kandi ndayigira umutekano kurushaho.
Hashyizweho icyiciro gishya cy'ibyiciro bitatu 480V ATS, kandi bitatu bya Nautel ferrite toroidal cores byakoreshejwe mugice cya gatatu cyinjiza ATS kugirango hongerweho uburinzi.Nzi neza ko compteur yo kubaga nayo ikora kugirango tumenye igihe habaye ikibazo cyo kubaga.
Igihe cyumuyaga kigeze, ibintu byose byagenze neza kandi ATS yakoraga neza.Nyamara, pole transformateur ya pole iracyahuha, ariko kuriyi nshuro ATS nibindi bikoresho byose biri mu nyubako ntibikibangamiwe no kwiyongera.
Turasaba isosiyete ikora amashanyarazi kugenzura fuse yavuzwe.Nabwiwe ko urubuga rurangiye serivise yohereza ibyiciro bitatu, bityo ikaba ikunze guhura nibibazo byiyongera.Basukuye inkingi bashyiramo ibikoresho bishya hejuru ya transformateur ya pole (ndizera ko nabo ari ubwoko bwa suppressor ya surge), byabuzaga rwose fuse gutwika.Sinzi niba barakoze ibindi bintu kumurongo wohereza, ariko uko bakora kose, birakora.
Ibi byose byabaye muri 2015, kandi kuva icyo gihe, ntitwigeze duhura nikibazo kijyanye na voltage cyangwa inkuba.
Gukemura ibibazo bya voltage yibibazo rimwe na rimwe ntibyoroshye.Hagomba kwitonderwa kandi neza kugirango ibibazo byose byitabweho mugukoresha insinga no guhuza.Igitekerezo cyihishe inyuma yubutaka hamwe ninkuba ikwiriye kwiga.Birakenewe gusobanukirwa byimazeyo ibibazo byubutaka bumwe, amashanyarazi ya voltage, hamwe nubutaka bushobora kuzamuka mugihe cyamakosa kugirango dufate ibyemezo byiza mugihe cyo kwishyiriraho.
John Marcon, CBTE CBRE, aherutse kuba injeniyeri mukuru w'agateganyo kuri Televiziyo Yatsinze (VTN) i Little Rock, muri Arkansas.Afite uburambe bwimyaka 27 muri radiyo na tereviziyo yohereza amakuru n'ibindi bikoresho, kandi yahoze ari umwarimu wa elegitoroniki wabigize umwuga.Ni injeniyeri yemewe na SBE yemewe na tereviziyo ya televiziyo afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bya elegitoroniki n’itumanaho.
Kubindi bisobanuro nkibyo, no gukomeza kugezwaho amakuru yose ayobora isoko, ibiranga nisesengura, nyamuneka iyandikishe kumakuru yacu hano.
Nubwo FCC ishinzwe urujijo rwambere, Biro yitangazamakuru iracyafite umuburo ugomba guhabwa uruhushya
© 2021 Future Publishing Limited, Inzu ya Quay, Ambury, Ubwogero BA1 1UA.uburenganzira bwose burabitswe.Isosiyete yo mu Bwongereza na Wales yiyandikishije nimero 2008885.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-14-2021
