1 principle Ihame ry'ikizamini:
a) Ihangane n'ikizamini cya voltage:
Ihame ryibanze ryakazi ni: gereranya numuyoboro wamenetse wakozwe nigikoresho cyapimwe kuri voltage ndende yumusaruro wikizamini na voltage tester hamwe numuyoboro wateganijwe.Niba imyanda yamenetse yamenyekanye iri munsi yagenwe agaciro, igikoresho cyatsinze ikizamini.Iyo imiyoboro yamenetse yamenyekanye iruta iy'urubanza rwaciwe, voltage yikizamini irahagarikwa kandi impuruza yumvikana kandi igaragara yoherejwe, kugirango hamenyekane voltage ihangane n'imbaraga z'igice cyapimwe.
Kuburyo bwambere bwikizamini cyumuzingi wubutaka,
Umuvuduko wa voltage wihanganira ibizamini bigizwe ahanini na AC (itaziguye) yumuriro mwinshi wumuriro wamashanyarazi, umugenzuzi wigihe, umuzenguruko wo gutahura, icyerekezo cyerekana numuyoboro.Ihame ryibanze ryakazi ni: ikigereranyo cyimyuka yamenetse ikorwa nigikoresho cyapimwe mugupimisha hejuru ya voltage isohoka na voltage tester igereranwa nu rubanza rwaciwe mbere.Niba imiyoboro yamenetse yamenyekanye iri munsi yagaciro kagenwe, igikoresho cyatsinze ikizamini, Iyo imiyoboro yamenetse yamenyekanye iruta iy'urubanza rwaciwe, voltage yikizamini ihagarikwa akanya gato kandi impuruza yumvikana kandi igaragara yoherejwe kugirango hamenyekane voltage. ihangane n'imbaraga z'igice cyageragejwe.
b) Inzitizi yo gukumira:
Turabizi ko voltage yikizamini cyo gukumira izisanzwe muri rusange 500V cyangwa 1000V, ibyo bikaba bihwanye no kugerageza DC ihanganye nikizamini cya voltage.Munsi yiyi voltage, igikoresho gipima agaciro kagezweho, hanyuma kongerera imbaraga binyuze mumibare yimbere yimbere.Hanyuma, itambutsa amategeko ya Ohm: r = u / i, aho u ni 500V cyangwa 1000V yapimwe, Kandi ninjye usohoka kuriyi voltage.Dukurikije uburambe bwikigereranyo cya voltage, dushobora kumva ko ikigezweho ari gito cyane, muri rusange munsi ya 1 μ A。
Birashobora kugaragara uhereye hejuru ko ihame ryikizamini cyo gukumira insulasiyo risa neza nkiryo kwihanganira ikizamini cya voltage, ariko nubundi buryo bwo kwerekana amategeko ya Ohm.Imiyoboro yamenetse ikoreshwa mugusobanura imikorere yimikorere yikintu kiri munsi yikizamini, mugihe inzitizi yo gukumira ari ukurwanya.
2 、 Intego ya voltage kwihanganira ikizamini:
Umuvuduko wihanganira ikizamini nikizamini kidasenya, gikoreshwa mukumenya niba ubushobozi bwo kubika ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa munsi yumubyigano mwinshi.Ikoresha voltage nini kubikoresho byageragejwe mugihe runaka kugirango urebe neza ko imikorere yimikorere yibikoresho ikomeye bihagije.Indi mpamvu y'iki kizamini ni uko ishobora no kumenya inenge zimwe na zimwe z'igikoresho, nk'intera idahagije yo kunyerera ndetse no gukuraho amashanyarazi adahagije mu gihe cyo gukora.
3 age Umuvuduko wihanganira voltage yikizamini:
Hariho amategeko rusange yikizamini cya voltage = amashanyarazi voltage × 2 + 1000V。
Kurugero: niba amashanyarazi yumuriro wibicuruzwa ari 220V, voltage yikizamini = 220V × 2 + 1000V = 1480V。
Mubisanzwe, kwihanganira voltage ikizamini ni umunota umwe.Kubera ubwinshi bwibizamini byo kurwanya amashanyarazi kumurongo wibyakozwe, igihe cyo kugerageza gisanzwe kigabanuka kugeza kumasegonda make.Hariho ihame risanzwe.Iyo igihe cyikizamini kigabanijwe kugeza kumasegonda 1-2 gusa, voltage yikizamini igomba kwiyongeraho 10-20%, kugirango hamenyekane ubwizerwe bwokwirinda mugihe gito.
4 、 Impuruza
Igenamiterere ryimpuruza rigenwa ukurikije ibicuruzwa bitandukanye.Inzira nziza nugukora ikizamini kigezweho kubice byintangarugero mbere, kubona impuzandengo, hanyuma ukagena agaciro kari hejuru gato ugereranije niki kigereranyo nkicyashizweho kigezweho.Kuberako imiyoboro yamenetse yibikoresho byageragejwe byanze bikunze ibaho, birakenewe ko tumenya neza ko impuruza ihari ari nini bihagije kugirango wirinde guterwa nikosa ryasohotse, kandi rigomba kuba rito bihagije kugirango wirinde kunyuza icyitegererezo kitujuje ibyangombwa.Rimwe na rimwe, birashoboka kandi kumenya niba icyitegererezo gifite aho gihurira nibisohoka byanyuma ya voltage igerageza mugushiraho icyitwa impuruza nto.
5 lection Guhitamo ikizamini cya AC na DC
Ikizamini cya voltage, ibyinshi mubipimo byumutekano byemerera gukoresha amashanyarazi ya AC cyangwa DC mukwihanganira ibizamini bya voltage.Niba amashanyarazi ya AC akoreshwa, mugihe impinga ya voltage igeze, insulator izageragezwa izatanga umuvuduko mwinshi mugihe agaciro keza ari keza cyangwa keza.Kubwibyo, niba hafashwe umwanzuro wo guhitamo gukoresha ikizamini cya voltage ya DC, birakenewe ko tumenya ko ingufu za DC zipima kabiri inshuro ebyiri za AC test, kugirango voltage ya DC ishobora kungana nagaciro keza ka voltage ya AC.Kurugero: Umuvuduko wa 1500V AC, kugirango ingufu za DC zitange ingufu zingana zamashanyarazi zigomba kuba 1500 × 1.414 ni 2121v DC voltage.
Kimwe mu byiza byo gukoresha DC ikizamini cya voltage ni uko muburyo bwa DC, ikigezweho kinyura mubimenyesha ibyuma bipima ibikoresho bya voltage tester nigikorwa nyacyo kinyura murugero.Iyindi nyungu yo gukoresha ibizamini bya DC nuko voltage ishobora gukoreshwa buhoro buhoro.Iyo voltage yiyongereye, uyikoresha arashobora kumenya ikigezweho kinyuze murugero mbere yuko gusenyuka bibaho.Ni ngombwa kumenya ko mugihe ukoresheje ingufu za DC zihanganira ibizamini, icyitegererezo kigomba gusohoka nyuma yikizamini kirangiye kubera kwishyuza ubushobozi mumuzunguruko.Mubyukuri, nubwo voltage yageragezwa gute nibiranga ibicuruzwa, nibyiza gusohora mbere yo gukora ibicuruzwa.
Ikibi cya DC voltage ihangane nikizamini nuko ishobora gukoresha voltage yikizamini mu cyerekezo kimwe, kandi ntishobora gukoresha ingufu zamashanyarazi kuri polarite ebyiri nkikizamini cya AC, kandi ibicuruzwa byinshi bya elegitoronike bikora munsi yumuriro wa AC.Mubyongeyeho, kubera ko DC ikizamini cya voltage igoye kubyara umusaruro, ikiguzi cyikizamini cya DC kiri hejuru yicy'ikizamini cya AC.
Ibyiza bya AC voltage kwihanganira ikizamini nuko ishobora kumenya voltage polarite yose, yegereye ibintu bifatika.Mubyongeyeho, kubera ko amashanyarazi ya AC atazishyuza ubushobozi, mubihe byinshi, agaciro gahoraho gashobora kuboneka mugusohora mu buryo butaziguye voltage ihuye nta ntambwe igenda itera.Byongeye kandi, nyuma yikizamini cya AC kirangiye, nta sample isohoka isabwa.
Kubura AC voltage kwihanganira ikizamini ni uko niba hari ubushobozi bunini y mumurongo uri munsi yikizamini, mubihe bimwe na bimwe, ikizamini cya AC kizacibwa nabi.Ibipimo byinshi byumutekano byemerera abakoresha kudahuza Y ubushobozi bwa Y mbere yo kwipimisha, cyangwa gukoresha ibizamini bya DC.Iyo imbaraga za DC zihanganira ikizamini zongerewe kuri Y capacitance, ntabwo bizacibwa nabi kuko ubushobozi ntibuzemerera ko hari amashanyarazi anyura muriki gihe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-10-2021
