Kudzivirirwa kwemheni chinhu chakakosha chemasangano anoshanda akasimba emagetsi emagetsi, kunyanya muindasitiri yekutepfenyura.Inoenderana neyekutanga mutsara wedziviriro kubva pamheni uye voltage surges ndiyo yepasi system.Kunze kwekunge akagadzirwa uye akaiswa nemazvo, chero kudzivirira kwekuvhiya hakushande.
Imwe yemasaiti edu ekutepfenyura eTV iri pamusoro pegomo re900-foot-high uye inozivikanwa nekusangana nemheni.Ini nguva pfupi yadarika ndakapihwa kuti nditarise ese edu ese ekutumira masaiti;naizvozvo, dambudziko rakapfuudzwa kwandiri.
Kurova kwemheni muna 2015 kwakakonzera kudzimwa kwemagetsi, uye jenareta harina kumira kushanda kwemazuva maviri akatevedzana.Pandakaongorora, ndakaona kuti utility transformer fuse yakanga yaputika.Ndakaona zvakare kuti ichangobva kuisirwa otomatiki yekuchinjisa switch (ATS) LCD kuratidza haina chinhu.Iyo yekuchengetedza kamera yakakuvadzwa, uye chirongwa chevhidhiyo kubva kune microwave link haina chinhu.
Kuita kuti zvinhu zviwedzere kuipa, apo simba rekushandisa rakadzorerwa, iyo ATS yakaputika.Kuti isu tiitezve mhepo, ndakamanikidzwa kuchinja ATS nemaoko.Iyo inofungidzirwa kurasikirwa inodarika $5,000.
Zvisinganzwisisike, LEA matatu-chikamu 480V surge protector hairatidze zviratidzo zvekushanda zvachose.Izvi zvakamutsa kufarira kwangu nekuti zvinofanirwa kuchengetedza zvese zvishandiso zviri pasaiti kubva kuzviitiko zvakadaro.Ndinofara, iyo transmitter yakanaka.
Iko hakuna magwaro ekumisikidzwa kweiyo grounding system, saka ini handikwanise kunzwisisa sisitimu kana tsvimbo yepasi.Sezvinogona kuonekwa kubva kuMufananidzo 1, ivhu riri panzvimbo yakaonda zvikuru, uye imwe yose yepasi pasi inogadzirwa nedombo reNovaculite, se silica-based insulator.Munharaunda iyi, matanda evhu anowanzosazoshanda, ndinofanira kuona kana vakaisa kemikari pasi tsvimbo uye kana ichiri mukati mehupenyu hunobatsira.
Pane zvakawanda zviwanikwa pamusoro pepasi kuramba kuyerwa paInternet.Kuti ndiite zviyero izvi, ndakasarudza mita yeFluke 1625 yekudzivirira pasi, sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 2. Icho chigadziro chemaitiro akawanda chinogona kushandisa chete tsvimbo yevhu kana kubatanidza tsvimbo yevhu kuhurongwa hwekuyera kwepasi.Pamusoro peizvi, kune zvinyorwa zvekushandisa, izvo vanhu vanogona kutevedzera zviri nyore kuti vawane mibairo chaiyo.Iyi mita inodhura, saka takarenda imwe kuti iite basa racho.
Nhepfenyuro mainjiniya akajaira kuyera kuramba kwevanopikisa, uye kamwe chete, tinowana kukosha chaiko.Kupikisa kwepasi kwakasiyana.Zvatiri kutsvaga ndezvokudzivirira izvo zvakapoteredzwa pasi zvichapa kana kuvhiyiwa ikozvino kuchipfuura.
Ndakashandisa nzira ye "kudonha kunogona" pakuyera kushorwa, iyo dzidziso inotsanangurwa muMufananidzo 1 uye Mufananidzo 2. 3 kusvika ku5.
Mumufananidzo 3, pane tsvimbo yepasi E yehukukutu hwakapiwa uye murwi C ine imwe chinhambwe kubva padanda repasi E. Mhepo yemagetsi VS yakabatana pakati pezviviri, izvo zvinogadzira E ikozvino pakati pemurwi C uye tsvimbo yevhu.Tichishandisa voltmeter, tinogona kuyera voltage VM pakati pezviviri.Patinenge tiri pedyo neE, iyo yakaderera voltage VM inova.VM i zero paground rod E. Ukuwo, patinoyera voltage pedyo nemurwi C, VM inova yakakwirira.Paequity C, VM yakaenzana nevolti source VS.Kutevera mutemo weOhm, tinogona kushandisa voltage VM uye C yazvino inokonzerwa neVS kuti tiwane kupikisa kwepasi kwetsvina yakatenderedza.
Tichifunga kuti nekuda kwekukurukurirana, chinhambwe pakati pepasi tsvimbo E uye murwi C inosvika 100 tsoka, uye voltage inoyerwa tsoka gumi kubva padanda repasi E kusvika pamurwi C. Kana ukaronga mhedzisiro, curve yekudzivirira inofanira kutaridzika seFigure. 4.
Iyo flattest chikamu kukosha kwekupikisa kwepasi, iyo ndiyo dhigirii yesimba retsvimbo yevhu.Mhiri kwacho kune chikamu chenyika yakakura, uye mafungu emvura haazopindizve.Tichifunga kuti iyo impedance iri kuwedzera uye ichikwira panguva ino, izvi zvinonzwisisika.
Kana tsvimbo yevhu yakareba mamita masere, chinhambwe chemurwi C chinowanzoiswa kumamita zana, uye chikamu chakati sandara chemukova chinenge 62 tsoka.Mamwe ruzivo rwehunyanzvi haagone kuvharwa pano, asi anogona kuwanikwa mune imwecheteyo application note kubva kuFluke Corp.
Kugadzirisa kushandisa Fluke 1625 kunoratidzwa mumufananidzo 5. Iyo 1625 grounding resistance mita ine yayo yemagetsi generator, iyo inogona kuverenga kukosha kwekupikisa zvakananga kubva pamamita;hapana chikonzero chekuverenga iyo ohm kukosha.
Kuverenga ndicho chikamu chiri nyore, uye chikamu chakaoma ndechekutyaira masiteki emagetsi.Kuti uwane kuverenga kwakarurama, tsvimbo yevhu inobviswa kubva pakugadzirisa pasi.Nezvikonzero zvekuchengetedza, isu tinoita shuwa kuti hapana mukana wemheni kana kusashanda panguva yekupedzisa, nekuti iyo system yese inoyangarara pasi panguva yekuyera maitiro.
Mufananidzo 6: Lyncole System XIT pasi tsvimbo.Iyo yakadimburwa waya inoratidzwa haisi iyo huru yekubatanidza yemunda grounding system.Kunyanya kubatanidzwa pasi pevhu.
Ndichitarisa-tarisa, ndakawana tsvimbo yevhu (Mufananidzo 6), iyo zvechokwadi ikemikari pasi tsvimbo inogadzirwa neLyncole Systems.Tsvimbo yevhu ine dhayamita 8-inch, gomba remamita gumi rakazadzwa nemusanganiswa wevhu unokosha unonzi Lynconite.Pakati pegomba iri pane mhango yemhangura chubhu yehurefu hwakafanana nehupamhi hwemasendimita maviri.Iyo hybrid Lynconite inopa kushomeka kwakanyanya kune tsvimbo yepasi.Mumwe akandiudza kuti mukugadzira tsvimbo iyi, mabhomba akashandiswa kugadzira maburi.
Kamwe magetsi uye mirwi yemazuva ano yakasimwa muvhu, waya inobatanidzwa kubva kune imwe neimwe kusvika kumamita pamwe chete, uko kukosha kwekupikisa kunoverengwa.
Ndakawana kukosha kwepasi kwe7 ohms, iyo inokosha inokosha.Iyo National Electrical Code inoda kuti electrode yepasi ive 25 ohms kana pasi.Nekuda kwehunyoro hwemidziyo, indasitiri yezvekufonera inowanzoda 5 ohms kana zvishoma.Zvimwe zvirimwa zvakakura zveindasitiri zvinoda kushomeka kwepasi.
Sekuita, ndinogara ndichitsvaga mazano uye ruzivo kubva kune vanhu vane ruzivo rwakanyanya mumhando iyi yebasa.Ndakabvunza Fluke Technical Support nezve mutsauko mune kumwe kuverenga kwandakawana.Vakataura kuti dzimwe nguva matanda anogona kusanyatsobata pasi (zvichida nekuti dombo rakaoma).
Kune rimwe divi, Lyncole Ground Systems, mugadziri wematanda epasi, akataura kuti mazhinji ekuverenga akadzikira.Vanotarisira kuverenga kwepamusoro.Zvisinei, pandinoverenga zvinyorwa pamusoro pematanda evhu, musiyano uyu unoitika.Imwe ongororo yakatora zviyero gore rega rega kwemakore gumi yakawana kuti 13-40% yekuverenga kwavo kwakasiyana nekumwe kuverenga.Vakashandisawo tsvimbo dzakafanana dzataishandisa.Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kupedzisa kuverenga kwakawanda.
Ndakakumbira mumwe mugadziri wemagetsi kuti aise tambo yakasimba yepasi kubva muchivako ichienda padanda repasi kudzivirira kubiwa kwemhangura mune ramangwana.Vakaitawo imwe chiyero chekupikisa pasi.Nekudaro, kwakanaya mazuva mashoma vasati vatora kuverenga uye kukosha kwavakawana kwaive kwakaderera kupfuura 7 ohms (ini ndakatora kuverenga pakaoma kwazvo).Kubva pamigumisiro iyi, ndinotenda kuti tsvimbo yevhu ichiri mumamiriro akanaka.
Mufananidzo 7: Tarisa kubatanidzwa kukuru kwegadziriro yepasi.Kunyangwe kana iyo yepasi system yakabatana netsvimbo yepasi, clamp inogona kushandiswa kutarisa kushorwa kwepasi.
Ndakafambisa iyo 480V yekuvhiya suppressor kune imwe nzvimbo mumutsara mushure mekupinda kwesevhisi, padivi peiyo main disconnect switch.Yaimbova mukona yechivakwa.Pese paine kuvhiya kwemheni, iyi nzvimbo nyowani inoisa suppressor munzvimbo yekutanga.Chechipiri, kureba pakati payo uye tsvimbo yepasi inofanira kuva shoma sezvinobvira.Mugadziriro yapfuura, ATS yakauya pamberi pezvese uye yaigara ichitungamira.Iwo matatu-chikamu waya dzakabatanidzwa kune yekuvhiya suppressor uye kubatanidza kwayo kwepasi kunoitwa kupfupika kudzikisa impedance.
Ndakadzokera zvakare kuti ndiongorore mubvunzo unoshamisa, nei surgeor suppressor isina kushanda apo ATS yakaputika panguva yekuvhiya kwemheni.Panguva ino, ndakanyatso tarisa zvese zvepasi uye zvisina kwazvakarerekera zvese redunhu breaker mapaneru, backup jenareta, uye transmitters.
Ndakaona kuti kubatana kwepasi kweiyo main circuit breaker panel hakuna!Apa ndipo panowanikwawo suppressor uye ATS yakadzikwa (saka ichi ndicho chikonzero nei iyo suppressor isingashande).
Yakarasika nekuti mbavha yemhangura yakacheka kubatana kune panel imwe nguva ATS isati yaiswa.Injiniya dzakapfuura dzakagadzirisa waya dzese dzepasi, asi hadzina kukwanisa kudzoreredza kubatana kwepasi kune redunhu rinopwanya mapaneru.Waya yakachekwa haisi nyore kuona nekuti iri kuseri kwepanera.Ndakagadzirisa chinongedzo ichi uye ndikaita kuti ive yakachengeteka.
Itsva yechitatu-phase 480V ATS yakaiswa, uye matatu eNautel ferrite toroidal cores akashandiswa pachikamu chetatu cheATS chekuwedzera kuchengetedzwa.Ini ndinove nechokwadi chekuti surge suppressor counter inoshandawo kuti tizive kana chiitiko chekuvhiya chikaitika.
Apo dutu remhepo rakasvika, zvinhu zvose zvakafamba zvakanaka uye ATS yakanga ichimhanya zvakanaka.Nekudaro, iyo pole transformer fuse ichiri kuvhuvhuta, asi panguva ino iyo ATS nemimwe michina yese muchivako haichabatiki nekuvhiya.
Tinokumbira kambani yemagetsi kuti itarise fuse yakaputika.Ndakaudzwa kuti saiti iri pakupera kweiyo-nhanho-nhanho yekufambisa mutsara sevhisi, saka inowanzoitika kune matambudziko ekuvhiya.Vakachenesa mapango uye vakaisa mimwe michina mitsva pamusoro pemapole transformer (Ini ndinotenda iwowo mamwe emhando yekuvhiya suppressor), iyo yakanyatso kudzivirira fuse kubva pakupisa.Handizivi kana vakaita zvimwe zvinhu pamutsetse wekutumira, asi zvisinei nezvavanoita, zvinoshanda.
Zvese izvi zvakaitika muna 2015, uye kubvira ipapo, hatisati tasangana nematambudziko ane chekuita nekukwira kwemagetsi kana mabhanan’ana.
Kugadzirisa matambudziko ekukwira kwemagetsi dzimwe nguva hakusi nyore.Kuchengetedza kunofanirwa kutorwa uye kunyatsoona kuti matambudziko ese anotariswa mu wiring uye kubatana.Dzidziso yekuseri kwemasystem ekudzika uye kubhururuka kwemheni yakakosha kudzidza.Izvo zvinodikanwa kuti unzwisise zvizere matambudziko e-single-point grounding, voltage gradients, uye pasi rinogona kusimuka panguva yekukanganisa kuitira kuti uite sarudzo dzakanaka panguva yekuisa.
John Marcon, CBTE CBRE, nguva pfupi yadarika akashanda seAinjiniya Mukuru paVictory Television Network (VTN) muLittle Rock, Arkansas.Ane makore makumi maviri nemanomwe eruzivo rwemaredhiyo neterevhizheni nhepfenyuro nemimwe michina, uye aimbove mudzidzisi wezvemagetsi nyanzvi.Iye iSBE-yakasimbiswa nhepfenyuro uye terevhizheni injinjiniya ane bachelor's degree mune zvemagetsi uye kutaurirana engineering.
Kuti uwane mamwe mishumo yakadai, uye kuti ugare uchifambirana nenhau dzedu dzese dzinotungamira pamusika, maficha uye ongororo, ndapota sainira tsamba yedu pano.
Kunyangwe iyo FCC iri mhosva yekuvhiringika kwekutanga, Media Bureau ichine yambiro yekupihwa kune ane rezinesi
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Nguva yekutumira: Jul-14-2021
