1. Umgaqo wovavanyo:
a) Ukumelana novavanyo lombane:
Umgaqo osisiseko wokusebenza ngulo: thelekisa ukuvuza kwangoku okwenziwa sisixhobo esivavanyiweyo kumbane ophezulu wemveliso yovavanyo ngumvavanyi wombane kunye nesigwebo esisetwe ngaphambili.Ukuba ukuvuza kwangoku kufunyenwe kungaphantsi kwexabiso elimiselweyo, isixhobo sidlula uvavanyo.Xa ukuvuza kwangoku kufunyenwe kukhulu kunomjelo womgwebo, i-voltage yovavanyo iyanqunyulwa kwaye i-alam evakalayo nebonakalayo ithunyelwe ngaphandle, ukuze kumiselwe amandla ombane okumelana namandla ecandelo elivavanyiweyo.
Kumgaqo wokuqala wovavanyo wesekethe yomhlaba,
Umvavanyi wokumelana nombane wenziwa ikakhulu yi-AC (ethe ngqo) yangoku yamandla ombane aphezulu, isilawuli sexesha, isekethe yokubona, isekethe yesalathiso kunye nesekethe ye-alarm.Umgaqo osisiseko wokusebenza ngulo: umlinganiselo wokuvuza kwangoku owenziwe sisixhobo esivavanyiweyo kuvavanyo lwemveliso yamandla ombane aphezulu ngumvavanyi wombane uthelekiswa nesigwebo esisetwe kwangaphambili.Ukuba ukuvuza kwangoku kuchongiwe kungaphantsi kwexabiso elisethiweyo, isixhobo siyaluphumelela uvavanyo, Xa ukuvuza kwangoku kuchongiwe kukhulu kunomgwebo wangoku, umbane wovavanyo unqunyulwe okomzuzwana kwaye i-alam evakalayo kunye nebonwayo ithunyelwa ukumisela umbane. ukumelana namandla ecandelo elivavanyiweyo.
b) I-Impedans ye-Insulation:
Siyazi ukuba i-voltage yovavanyo lwe-insulation impedance ngokubanzi yi-500V okanye i-1000V, elingana nokuvavanya i-DC yokumelana novavanyo lombane.Ngaphantsi kwesi sixhobo, isixhobo silinganisa ixabiso langoku, kwaye emva koko sikhulise i-current ngokubala kwesekethe yangaphakathi.Ekugqibeleni, kudlula umthetho we-Ohm: r = u / i, apho u-500V okanye i-1000V ivavanyiwe, Kwaye ndingumjelo wokuvuza kule voltage.Ngokuhambelana namava ovavanyo lombane, sinokuqonda ukuba okwangoku kuncinci kakhulu, ngokubanzi ngaphantsi kwe-1 μ A .
Kunokubonwa apha ngasentla ukuba umgaqo wovavanyo lwe-insulation impedance ufana ncakasana nowokumelana novavanyo lombane, kodwa yenye nje imbonakalo yomthetho we-Ohm.Ukuvuza kwangoku kusetyenziselwa ukuchaza ukusebenza kwe-insulation yento ephantsi kovavanyo, ngelixa i-impedance ye-insulation ixhathisa.
2, Injongo yovavanyo lokumelana nombane:
Uvavanyo lokumelana ne-Voltage luvavanyo olungonakalisi, olusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ukuba amandla okufakelwa kweemveliso afanelekile phantsi kombane ophezulu odlulayo.Isebenzisa i-voltage ephezulu kwisixhobo esivavanyiweyo ngexesha elithile ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukusebenza kwe-insulation yezixhobo kunamandla ngokwaneleyo.Esinye isizathu solu vavanyo kukuba luyakwazi ukubona ezinye iziphene zesixhobo, ezifana nomgama ongonelanga we-creepage kunye nokukhutshwa kombane okwaneleyo kwinkqubo yokuvelisa.
3, Umbane wokumelana novavanyo lombane:
Kukho umgaqo jikelele wovavanyo lombane = amandla ombane ombane × 2+1000V.
Umzekelo: ukuba amandla ombane ombane wemveliso yovavanyo yi-220V, umbane wovavanyo = 220V × 2+1000V=1480V.
Ngokubanzi, ixesha lokuvavanya amandla ombane ngumzuzu omnye.Ngenxa yobuninzi beemvavanyo zokumelana nombane kumgca wemveliso, ixesha lokuvavanya lidla ngokuncitshiswa libe yimizuzwana embalwa kuphela.Kukho umgaqo osebenzayo oqhelekileyo.Xa ixesha lokuvavanya lincitshiswe kwimizuzwana eyi-1-2 kuphela, i-voltage yokuvavanya kufuneka inyuswe nge-10-20%, ukwenzela ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuthembeka kwe-insulation kuvavanyo lwexesha elifutshane.
4. Ialarm yangoku
Ukusetwa kwe-alam yangoku kuya kumiselwa ngokweemveliso ezahlukeneyo.Eyona ndlela ilungileyo kukwenza uvavanyo lwangoku lokuvuza kwibhetshi yeesampulu kwangaphambili, ufumane ixabiso eliphakathi, kwaye emva koko umisele ixabiso elingaphezulu kancinane kweli xabiso lomndilili njengeseti yangoku.Ngenxa yokuba ukuvuza kwangoku kwesixhobo esivavanyiweyo kukho ngokungenakuthintelwa, kuyafuneka ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba iseti yangoku ye-alarm inkulu ngokwaneleyo ukuphepha ukuqhutywa yimpazamo yangoku yokuvuza, kwaye kufuneka ibe ncinci ngokwaneleyo ukuphepha ukudlula isampula engafanelekanga.Kwezinye iimeko, kuyenzeka kwakhona ukugqiba ukuba isampuli inoqhagamshelwano kunye nesiphelo somphumo we-voltage tester ngokuseta into ebizwa ngokuba yi-alamu ephantsi yangoku.
5, Ukukhethwa kovavanyo lwe-AC kunye ne-DC
Ivolthi yovavanyo, uninzi lwemigangatho yokhuseleko ivumela ukusetyenziswa kombane we-AC okanye we-DC ukuze umelane novavanyo lombane.Ukuba i-voltage yokuvavanya i-AC isetyenzisiwe, xa i-voltage ephezulu ifikeleleke, i-insulator eya kuvavanywa iya kuthwala uxinzelelo oluphezulu xa ixabiso eliphezulu lilungile okanye libi.Ke ngoko, ukuba kugqitywe ekubeni kusetyenziswe uvavanyo lombane lwe-DC, kuyafuneka ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba umbane wovavanyo lwe-DC uliphinda kabini ivoltheji yovavanyo lwe-AC, ukuze umbane we-DC unokulingana nexabiso eliphezulu lombane we-AC.Umzekelo: 1500V AC amandla ombane, ukuze amandla ombane DC avelise umlinganiselo ofanayo woxinzelelo lombane kufuneka abe yi-1500 × 1.414 yi-2121v DC yombane.
Enye yeenzuzo zokusebenzisa i-voltage yovavanyo lwe-DC kukuba kwimo ye-DC, yangoku equkuqelayo kwisixhobo sokulinganisa i-alam yangoku ye-voltage tester yeyona yangoku equkuqela kwisampulu.Olunye uncedo lokusebenzisa uvavanyo lwe-DC kukuba amandla ombane angafakwa ngokuthe ngcembe.Xa i-voltage inyuka, umqhubi unokubona i-current ejikelezayo kwisampuli ngaphambi kokuphuka.Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba xa usebenzisa i-DC voltage withstand tester, isampuli kufuneka ikhutshwe emva kokuba uvavanyo lugqityiwe ngenxa yokutshaja i-capacitance kwisekethe.Ngapha koko, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ingakanani i-voltage evavanyiweyo kunye neempawu zemveliso, kulungile ukukhutshwa ngaphambi kokusebenza kwemveliso.
Ukungalungi kovavanyo lokumelana nombane we-DC kukuba inokusebenzisa amandla ombane wovavanyo kwicala elinye, kwaye ayikwazi ukufaka uxinzelelo lombane kwi-polarity emibini njengovavanyo lwe-AC, kwaye uninzi lweemveliso zombane zisebenza phantsi kobonelelo lwamandla e-AC.Ukongeza, ngenxa yokuba umbane wovavanyo lwe-DC kunzima ukuvelisa, ixabiso lovavanyo lwe-DC liphezulu kunolo lovavanyo lwe-AC.
Inzuzo yovavanyo lokumelana nombane we-AC kukuba inokubona yonke i-voltage polarity, ekufutshane nemeko ebonakalayo.Ukongezelela, ngenxa yokuba i-voltage ye-AC ayiyi kuhlawulisa i-capacitance, kwiimeko ezininzi, ixabiso langoku elizinzileyo linokufumaneka ngokukhupha ngokuthe ngqo umbane ohambelanayo ngaphandle kokunyuka ngokuthe ngcembe.Ngaphezu koko, emva kokuba uvavanyo lwe-AC lugqityiwe, akukho mfuneko yokukhutshwa kwesampuli.
Ukunqongophala kovavanyo lokumelana ne-AC voltage kukuba ukuba kukho i-y capacitance enkulu kumgca ophantsi kovavanyo, kwezinye iimeko, uvavanyo lwe-AC luya kugwetywa kakubi.Uninzi lwemigangatho yokhuseleko ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba bangaqhagamshele i-Y capacitors phambi kovavanyo, okanye endaweni yoko basebenzise iimvavanyo ze-DC.Xa uvavanyo lokumelana nombane we-DC lunyuswa kwi-Y capacitance, aluyi kugwetyelwa kakubi ngenxa yokuba i-capacitance ayiyi kuvumela nayiphi na ikhoyo ukuba idlule ngeli xesha.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-10-2021
