Ukuvikela umbani kuyisici esibalulekile sezinhlangano ezisebenza ngemishini kagesi ebucayi, ikakhulukazi embonini yokusakaza.Okuhlobene nomugqa wokuqala wokuzivikela ngokumelene nombani nokukhuphuka kwamandla kagesi uhlelo lokumisa phansi.Ngaphandle kokuthi kuklanywe futhi kufakwe ngendlela efanele, noma yikuphi ukuvikelwa kokuhlinzwa ngeke kusebenze.
Enye yezindawo zethu zokusakaza ze-TV itholakala esiqongweni sentaba engamafidi angu-900 ukuphakama futhi yaziwa ngokubhekana nombani.Ngisanda kunikwa isabelo sokuphatha zonke izingosi zethu zokusakaza;ngakho-ke, inkinga yadluliselwa kimi.
Umbani ngo-2015 wacisha ugesi, ijeneretha ayizange ime izinsuku ezimbili zilandelana.Lapho ngihlola, ngathola ukuthi i-fuse ye-utility transformer iqhumile.Ngiphinde ngaqaphela ukuthi isibonisi se-LCD sokudlulisa okuzenzakalelayo esisanda kufakwa (ATS) asinalutho.Ikhamera yokuvikela ilimele, futhi uhlelo lwevidiyo olusuka kusixhumanisi se-microwave alunalutho.
Ukwenza izinto zibe zimbi nakakhulu, lapho amandla okusebenza ebuyiselwa, i-ATS yaqhuma.Ukuze siphinde sikhiphe umoya, ngaphoqeleka ukuthi ngishintshe i-ATS mathupha.Ukulahlekelwa okulinganiselwe kungaphezu kuka-$5,000.
Ngokumangalisayo, isivikeli se-LEA sesigaba sesithathu se-480V asibonisi zimpawu zokusebenza nhlobo.Lokhu kuvuse intshisekelo yami ngoba kufanele ivikele wonke amadivaysi kusayithi ezenzakalweni ezinjalo.Ngokujabulisayo, i-transmitter muhle.
Awekho amadokhumenti okufakwa kwesistimu yokubeka phansi, ngakho-ke angikwazi ukuqonda isistimu noma induku yokubeka phansi.Njengoba kungabonwa kuMfanekiso 1, inhlabathi esesizeni incane kakhulu, futhi yonke enye inhlabathi engezansi yenziwe ngedwala le-Novaculite, njengesivikelo esisekelwe ku-silica.Kule ndawo, izinduku zomhlabathi ezijwayelekile ngeke zisebenze, ngidinga ukunquma ukuthi ngabe ziyifakile yini induku yomhlabathi yamakhemikhali nokuthi isekhona yini empilweni yayo ewusizo.
Kunezinsiza eziningi mayelana nesilinganiso sokumelana nomhlaba ku-inthanethi.Ukuze ngenze lezi zilinganiso, ngikhethe imitha yokumelana nomhlabathi ye-Fluke 1625, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 2. Kuyidivayisi esebenza ngezinto eziningi engasebenzisa kuphela induku yomhlabathi noma ixhume induku yomhlabathi ohlelweni lokulinganisa umhlabathi.Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kunamanothi ohlelo lokusebenza, abantu abangawalandela kalula ukuze bathole imiphumela enembile.Leli mitha elibizayo, ngakho saqasha elilodwa ukwenza umsebenzi.
Onjiniyela bokusakaza bajwayele ukukala ukumelana nezimbangi, futhi kanye kuphela, sizothola inani langempela.Ukumelana nomhlabathi kuhlukile.Esikufunayo ukumelana okuzonikezwa indawo ezungezile lapho ukuqhuma kwamanje kudlula.
Ngisebenzise indlela "yokwehla okungenzeka" lapho ngikala ukumelana, inkolelo-mbono echazwe kuMfanekiso 1 kanye nomfanekiso 2. 3 kuya ku-5.
Emfanekisweni wesi-3, kunenduku engu-E yokujula okunikeziwe kanye nenqwaba C enebanga elithile ukusuka ku-E. I-voltage engumthombo VS ixhunywe phakathi kokubili, okuzokhiqiza u-E wamanje phakathi kwenqwaba C kanye induku yomhlabathi.Ngokusebenzisa i-voltmeter, singakwazi ukukala i-voltage VM phakathi kwakho kokubili.Uma sisondela ku-E, i-voltage VM iba ngaphansi.I-VM inguziro ku-ground rod E. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma sikala i-voltage eduze kwenqwaba C, i-VM iba phezulu.Ku-equity C, i-VM ilingana nomthombo wamandla kagesi i-VS.Ngokulandela umthetho we-Ohm, singasebenzisa i-voltage VM kanye ne-C yamanje ebangelwa i-VS ukuze sithole ukumelana nomhlabathi kokungcola okuzungezile.
Uma sicabanga ukuthi ngenxa yengxoxo, ibanga phakathi kwenduku yomhlabathi E kanye nenqwaba C ingamamitha angu-100, futhi i-voltage ikalwa njalo ngamamitha angu-10 ukusuka entongeni yomhlabathi E kuya enqwabeni C. Uma uhlela imiphumela, ijika lokumelana kufanele libukeke njengomfanekiso. 4.
Ingxenye eyisicaba yinani lokumelana nomhlabathi, okuyizinga lethonya lenduku yomhlabathi.Ngalé kwalokho kuyingxenye yomhlaba obanzi, futhi imisinga yolwandle ngeke isangena.Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi i-impedance iya ngokuya ikhuphuka ngalesi sikhathi, lokhu kuyaqondakala.
Uma induku yomhlabathi ingamamitha angu-8 ubude, ibanga lenqwaba C livamise ukusethwa libe ngamafidi angu-100, futhi ingxenye eyisicaba yejika icishe ibe ngamafidi angu-62.Eminye imininingwane yobuchwepheshe ayikwazi ukufakwa lapha, kodwa ingatholakala encwajaneni yesicelo efanayo evela ku-Fluke Corp.
Ukusetha kusetshenziswa i-Fluke 1625 kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 5. Imitha yokumelana ne-grounding ye-1625 ine-generator yayo ye-voltage, engakwazi ukufunda inani lokumelana ngokuqondile imitha;asikho isidingo sokubala inani le-ohm.
Ukufunda kuyingxenye elula, futhi ingxenye enzima ukushayela izigxobo zikagesi.Ukuze uthole ukufundwa okunembile, induku yomhlabathi inqanyuliwe ohlelweni lokubeka phansi.Ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha, siyaqinisekisa ukuthi akukho okwenzekayo kombani noma ukungasebenzi ngesikhathi sokuqedwa, ngoba lonke uhlelo luntanta phansi ngesikhathi senqubo yokulinganisa.
Umfanekiso 6: I-Lyncole System XIT induku yaphansi.Intambo enqanyuliwe ebonisiwe ayisona isixhumi esiyinhloko sesistimu yokubeka phansi.Ixhumeke kakhulu ngaphansi komhlaba.
Uma ngiqalaza, ngathola induku yomhlabathi (Umfanekiso wesi-6), okuyintonga yomhlabathi yamakhemikhali ngempela ekhiqizwa yi-Lyncole Systems.Induku yomhlabathi iqukethe ububanzi obungama-intshi angu-8, imbobo engamamitha angu-10 egcwele ingxube ekhethekile yobumba ebizwa ngokuthi i-Lynconite.Maphakathi nalo mgodi kuneshubhu yethusi engenalutho enobude obufanayo nobubanzi obungamasentimitha angu-2.I-hybrid Lynconite inikeza ukumelana okuphansi kakhulu kwenduku yomhlabathi.Othile wangitshela ukuthi ngesikhathi kufakwa le nduku, kwasetshenziswa iziqhumane ukwenza izimbobo.
Uma i-voltage kanye nezinqwaba zamanje zifakwe emhlabathini, ucingo luxhunywe kusuka enqwabeni ngayinye kuya kumitha ngokushintshana, lapho kufundwa inani lokumelana.
Ngithole inani lokumelana nomhlaba elingu-7 ohms, okuyinani elihle.I-National Electrical Code idinga ukuthi i-electrode yaphansi ibe ngu-25 ohms noma ngaphansi.Ngenxa yemvelo ebucayi yezinto zokusebenza, imboni yezokuxhumana ngokuvamile idinga ama-ohms angu-5 noma ngaphansi.Ezinye izitshalo ezinkulu zezimboni zidinga ukumelana nomhlabathi ophansi.
Njengomkhuba, ngihlala ngifuna izeluleko nemibono kubantu abanolwazi olunzulu ngalolu hlobo lomsebenzi.Ngibuze iFluke Technical Support mayelana nokushayisana kokunye ukufundwa engikutholile.Bathe kwesinye isikhathi izigxobo zingase zingaxhumani kahle nomhlabathi (mhlawumbe ngoba idwala liqinile).
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Lyncole Ground Systems, umkhiqizi wezinduku zomhlabathi, uthe ukufundwa okuningi kuphansi kakhulu.Balindele ukufundwa okuphezulu.Kodwa-ke, lapho ngifunda izihloko mayelana nezinduku zomhlabathi, lo mehluko uyenzeka.Ucwaningo olwathatha izilinganiso minyaka yonke iminyaka eyi-10 lwathola ukuthi u-13-40% wokufundwa kwabo behlukile kokunye ukufundwa.Baphinde basebenzise izinduku zomhlabathi ezifanayo esasizisebenzisa.Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqedela ukufundwa okuningi.
Ngacela enye inkontilaki kagesi ukuba ifake ucingo oluqinile olusuka esakhiweni luye endaweni engaphansi ukuze kuvinjelwe ukwebiwa kwethusi esikhathini esizayo.Baphinde benza esinye isilinganiso sokumelana nomhlabathi.Kodwa-ke, lana ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba bafunde futhi inani abalitholile lalingaphansi kwama-ohms angu-7 (ngithathe ukufundwa lapho komile kakhulu).Kusukela kule miphumela, ngikholelwa ukuthi induku yomhlabathi isesimeni esihle.
Umfanekiso 7: Hlola ukuxhumana okuyinhloko kwesistimu yokubeka phansi.Ngisho noma isistimu yokubeka phansi ixhunywe ku-ground rod, i-clamp ingasetshenziswa ukuhlola ukumelana nomhlabathi.
Ngihambise isicindezeli sokuhlinza esingu-480V ngisiyise endaweni ethile emugqeni ngemva kokungena kwesevisi, eduze kweswishi eyinhloko yokunqamula.Kwake kwaba sekhoneni lesakhiwo.Noma nini lapho kunombani, le ndawo entsha ibeka umcindezeli ohlinzayo kuqala.Okwesibili, ibanga phakathi kwalo nenduku yomhlabathi kufanele libe lifushane ngangokunokwenzeka.Kuhlelo lwangaphambilini, i-ATS yeza phambi kwakho konke futhi ihlale ihola.Izintambo zezigaba ezintathu ezixhunywe ku-suppressor kanye nokuxhumeka kwayo komhlabathi kwenziwa kufushane ukuze kuncishiswe i-impedance.
Ngaphindela emuva ukuze ngiphenye umbuzo ongavamile, kungani umcindezeli ohlinzayo engasebenzi lapho i-ATS iqhuma ngesikhathi sombani.Kulokhu, ngihlole kahle konke ukuxhumana okuphansi nokungathathi hlangothi kwawo wonke amaphaneli ama-circuit breaker, amajeneretha ayisipele, nama-transmitters.
Ngithole ukuthi ukuxhumeka okuphansi kwephaneli enkulu ye-circuit breaker akukho!Yilapho futhi umcindezeli ohlinzayo kanye ne-ATS esekelwe khona (ngakho-ke lesi futhi isizathu sokuthi kungani umcindezeli ohlinzayo engasebenzi).
Ilahlekile ngoba isela lethusi linqamule ukuxhumana nephaneli ngaphambi kokuthi kufakwe i-ATS.Onjiniyela bangaphambilini balungise zonke izintambo ezingaphansi, kodwa abakwazanga ukubuyisela ukuxhumana okuphansi kwephaneli yokuphula isifunda.Ucingo olusikiwe akulula ukulubona ngoba lungemuva kwephaneli.Ngilungise lolu xhumo futhi ngalwenza luvikeleke kakhulu.
Kufakwe i-480V ATS entsha yezigaba ezintathu, futhi ama-cores amathathu e-Nautel ferrite toroidal asetshenziswa ekufakweni kwezigaba ezintathu ze-ATS ukuze kuvikeleke okwengeziwe.Ngenza isiqiniseko sokuthi ikhawunta ye-suppressor counter iyasebenza ukuze sazi uma kwenzeka umcimbi wokuhlinzwa.
Lapho kufika inkathi yesiphepho, konke kwahamba kahle futhi i-ATS yayisebenza kahle.Nokho, i-pole transformer fuse isavunguza, kodwa kulokhu i-ATS kanye nazo zonke ezinye izinto ezisesakhiweni azisathinteki ngenxa yokuqhuma.
Sicela inkampani yamandla ukuthi ihlole i-fuse ephephethiwe.Ngatshelwa ukuthi isiza sisekupheleni kwensizakalo yolayini wokudlulisa wezigaba ezintathu, ngakho-ke ijwayele ukuba nezinkinga zokuhlinzwa.Bahlanza izigxobo futhi bafaka amathuluzi amasha phezu kwama-pole transformer (ngikholwa ukuthi nawo angolunye uhlobo lwe-surge suppressor), oluvimbe ngempela i-fuse ukuthi ingashi.Angazi noma benze ezinye izinto kulayini kagesi, kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi benzani, kuyasebenza.
Konke lokhu kwenzeke ngo-2015, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, asikaze sihlangabezane nezinkinga ezihlobene nokunyuka kwamandla kagesi noma ukuduma kwezulu.
Ukuxazulula izinkinga zokukhuphuka kwamandla kagesi ngezinye izikhathi akulula.Kufanele kuqashelwe futhi ngokucophelela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi zonke izinkinga ziyabhekwa ekuxhumeni izintambo nokuxhuma.Ithiyori yezinhlelo zokubeka phansi kanye nombani kufanele ifundwe.Kudingeka ukuqonda ngokugcwele izinkinga zokubekwa phansi kwephuzu elilodwa, ama-voltage gradients, kanye nokukhuphuka kwamandla aphansi ngesikhathi samaphutha ukuze wenze izinqumo ezifanele ngesikhathi sokufaka.
UJohn Marcon, CBTE CBRE, usanda kusebenza njengeBamba likaNjiniyela Omkhulu eVictory Television Network (VTN) eLittle Rock, e-Arkansas.Unesipiliyoni seminyaka engu-27 kwezokuxhumana emsakazweni nakumabonakude nezinye izinto zokusebenza, futhi uke waba nguthisha ochwepheshile we-electronics.Ungunjiniyela wokusakaza oqinisekisiwe we-SBE nokusakaza ithelevishini oneziqu ze-bachelor ku-electronics and communications engineering.
Ukuze uthole eminye imibiko enjalo, nokuhlala unolwazi lwakamuva ngazo zonke izindaba zethu ezihamba phambili ezimakethe, izici nokuhlaziya, sicela ubhalisele incwadi yethu yezindaba lapha.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-14-2021
