1. Umgomo wokuhlola:
a) Ukumelana nokuhlolwa kwamandla kagesi:
Umgomo oyisisekelo wokusebenza uthi: qhathanisa ukuvuza kwamanje okukhiqizwa ithuluzi elihloliwe ku-voltage ephezulu yokukhishwa kokuhlolwa ngumhloli kagesi kanye nesahlulelo esisethiwe ngaphambili.Uma ukuvuza kwamanje okutholiwe kungaphansi kwevelu elisethiwe, ithuluzi liyaphumelela ekuhlolweni.Uma ukuvuza kwamanje kukhulu kunesamanje sokwahlulela, i-voltage yokuhlola iyanqanyulwa futhi kukhishwe i-alamu ezwakalayo nebonakalayo, ukuze kunqunywe i-voltage ukumelana namandla engxenye ehloliwe.
Ngomgomo wokuqala wokuhlola umhlabathi wesekethe,
Isihloli se-voltage ukumelana kakhulu sakhiwe ngokuyinhloko i-AC (eqondile) yamanje yamandla kagesi aphezulu, isilawuli sesikhathi, isifunda sokutholwa, isifunda senkomba kanye nesekhethi ye-alamu.Umgomo oyisisekelo wokusebenza uthi: isilinganiso sokuvuza kwamanje okukhiqizwa ithuluzi elihloliwe ekuhlolweni kokukhishwa kwamandla kagesi aphezulu ngumhloli kagesi uma kuqhathaniswa nokwahlulela okusethiwe ngaphambili.Uma ukuvuza kwamanje okutholiwe kungaphansi kwevelu elisethiwe, ithuluzi liyaphumelela ekuhlolweni, Lapho ukuvuza kwamanje kukhulu kunesamanje sokwahlulela, i-voltage yokuhlola iyanqanyulwa isikhashana bese kuthunyelwa i-alamu ezwakalayo nebonakalayo ukuze kunqunywe amandla kagesi. ukumelana namandla engxenye ehloliwe.
b) I-Impedans ye-Insulation:
Siyazi ukuthi i-voltage yokuhlolwa kwe-insulation impedance ngokuvamile i-500V noma i-1000V, okulingana nokuhlola i-DC ukumelana nokuhlolwa kwe-voltage.Ngaphansi kwale voltage, ithuluzi likala inani lamanje, bese likhulisa lamanje ngokubala kwesekethe yangaphakathi.Ekugcineni, kudlula umthetho we-Ohm: r = u/i, lapho u ihlolwe khona i-500V noma i-1000V, Futhi mina ngingumshini wokuvuza kule voltage.Ngokusho kokuhlangenwe nakho kokuhlolwa kwe-voltage, singaqonda ukuthi yamanje incane kakhulu, ngokuvamile ingaphansi kuka-1 μ A .
Kuyabonakala kulokhu okungenhla ukuthi umgomo wokuhlolwa kwe-insulation impedance ufana ncamashi naleyo yokumelana nokuhlolwa kwe-voltage, kodwa kungenye nje inkulumo yomthetho we-Ohm.Ukuvuza kwamanje kusetshenziselwa ukuchaza ukusebenza kwe-insulation yento ehlolwayo, kuyilapho i-insulation impedance ingukumelana.
2. Inhloso ye-voltage ukumelana nokuhlolwa:
Ukuhlolwa kokumelana ne-voltage kuwukuhlola okungabhubhisi, okusetshenziselwa ukuthola ukuthi amandla okushisa emikhiqizo afanelekile yini ngaphansi kwamandla kagesi aphezulu wesikhashana.Isebenzisa amandla kagesi aphezulu emishinini ehloliwe isikhathi esithile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukusebenza kokufakwa kwensimbi kuqine ngokwanele.Esinye isizathu salokhu kuhlola ukuthi singakwazi nokubona ezinye iziphambeko zethuluzi, njengebanga elinganele le-creepage kanye nokungavunyelwa kukagesi okwanele enqubweni yokukhiqiza.
3, I-Voltage ukumelana ne-voltage yokuhlola:
Kunomthetho ojwayelekile we-test voltage = amandla kagesi kagesi × 2+1000V.
Isibonelo: uma i-voltage yokuphakela amandla yomkhiqizo wokuhlola ingu-220V, i-voltage yokuhlola = 220V × 2+1000V=1480V .
Ngokuvamile, isikhathi sokuhlola i-voltage umzuzu owodwa.Ngenxa yenani elikhulu lokuhlola ukumelana nogesi emugqeni wokukhiqiza, isikhathi sokuhlola ngokuvamile sincishiswa sibe imizuzwana embalwa kuphela.Kunesimiso esisebenzayo esivamile.Lapho isikhathi sokuhlola sincishiswa sibe yimizuzwana engu-1-2 kuphela, i-voltage yokuhlola kufanele inyuswe ngo-10-20%, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwethembeka kokugxilwa ekuhlolweni kwesikhashana.
4. I-alamu yamanje
Ukusetha i-alamu yamanje kuzonqunywa ngokuya ngemikhiqizo ehlukene.Indlela engcono kakhulu iwukwenza ukuhlola kwamanje kokuvuza kwenqwaba yamasampuli kusengaphambili, uthole inani elimaphakathi, bese unquma inani elingaphezudlwana kwaleli nani elimaphakathi njengesethi yamanje.Ngenxa yokuthi ukuvuza kwamanje kwethuluzi elihloliwe kukhona ngokungenakugwenywa, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isethi yamanje ye-alamu inkulu ngokwanele ukuze kugwenywe ukucushwa iphutha lamanje lokuvuza, futhi kufanele ibe kuncane ngokwanele ukuze kugwenywe ukudlulisa isampula engafaneleki.Kwezinye izimo, kungenzeka futhi ukunquma ukuthi isampula inokuxhumana nokuphela kokuphumayo kwesihloli se-voltage ngokusetha lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-alamu ephansi yamanje.
5, Ukukhethwa kokuhlolwa kwe-AC ne-DC
I-voltage yokuhlola, izindinganiso eziningi zokuphepha zivumela ukusetshenziswa kwe-AC noma i-DC voltage ukumelana nokuhlolwa kwamandla kagesi.Uma kusetshenziswa i-voltage yokuhlola ye-AC, lapho i-voltage ephezulu ifinyelelwa, isivikelo esizohlolwa sizothwala ingcindezi enkulu lapho inani eliphakeme lilungile noma libi.Ngakho-ke, uma kunqunywa ukukhetha ukusebenzisa i-DC voltage test, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-DC test voltage iphindwe kabili i-AC test voltage, ukuze i-DC voltage ilingane nenani eliphakeme le-voltage ye-AC.Isibonelo: I-voltage engu-1500V AC, ukuze i-voltage ye-DC ikhiqize inani elifanayo lokucindezeleka kagesi kufanele ibe ngu-1500 × 1.414 ingu-2121v DC.
Enye yezinzuzo zokusebenzisa i-voltage yokuhlola ye-DC ukuthi kumodi ye-DC, yamanje egeleza kudivayisi yokulinganisa ye-alamu yamanje yesihloli samandla kagesi ingeyamanje yangempela egeleza kusampula.Enye inzuzo yokusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwe-DC ukuthi i-voltage ingasetshenziswa kancane kancane.Lapho i-voltage inyuka, u-opharetha angathola i-current egeleza kusampula ngaphambi kokuthi kwenzeke ukuwohloka.Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi uma usebenzisa i-DC voltage ukumelana tester, isampula kufanele ikhishwe ngemva kokuqedwa kokuhlolwa ngenxa yokushajwa kwe-capacitance kusekethe.Eqinisweni, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ingakanani i-voltage ehlolwayo kanye nezici zomkhiqizo, kuhle ukukhishwa ngaphambi kokusebenzisa umkhiqizo.
Ububi besivivinyo sokumelana ne-DC voltage ukuthi ingasebenzisa i-voltage yokuhlola ohlangothini olulodwa, futhi ayikwazi ukusebenzisa ingcindezi kagesi kuma-polarity amabili njengokuhlola kwe-AC, futhi imikhiqizo eminingi ye-elekthronikhi isebenza ngaphansi kwamandla kagesi we-AC.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuthi i-voltage yokuhlola ye-DC inzima ukuyikhiqiza, izindleko zokuhlolwa kwe-DC ziphezulu kunezokuhlolwa kwe-AC.
Inzuzo yokuhlolwa kwe-AC voltage ukumelana ukuthi ikwazi ukubona yonke i-voltage polarity, eseduze nesimo esisebenzayo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuthi i-AC voltage ngeke ikhokhise amandla, ezimweni eziningi, inani lamanje elizinzile lingatholakala ngokukhipha ngokuqondile i-voltage ehambisanayo ngaphandle kokukhuphuka kancane kancane.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemva kokuqedwa kokuhlolwa kwe-AC, akukho ukukhishwa kwesampula okudingekayo.
Ukuntuleka kokuhlolwa kwe-AC voltage ukumelana ukuthi uma kukhona i-y capacitance enkulu kulayini ovivinywayo, kwezinye izimo, ukuhlolwa kwe-AC kuzohlulelwa ngokungalungile.Izindinganiso eziningi zokuphepha zivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bangaxhumi ama-Y capacitor ngaphambi kokuhlola, noma esikhundleni salokho basebenzise ukuhlola kwe-DC.Uma ukuhlolwa kokumelana ne-voltage ye-DC kukhushulwa ku-Y capacitance, ngeke kuhlulwe ngokungalungile ngoba amandla ngeke avumele noma iyiphi yamanje ukuthi idlule ngalesi sikhathi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-10-2021
